Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Characteristics of Mexican women by case-control status, 2004 to 2007
Cases (n = 846) Controls (n = 1035) P* Age (y)† 52.0 (10) 51.1 (9) 0.02 BMI† premenopausal women 28.2 (5) 30.1 (5) <0.01 BMI† postmenopausal women 30.2 (6) 30.8 (5) 0.06 Age at menarche (y)† 12.8 (2) 12.8 (2) 0.21 No. of full-term pregnancies† 3.0 (2) 3.7 (2) <0.01 Ever breast-fed (%)‡ 86.0 89.5 0.03 Family history of breast cancer (%) 6.6 3.8 0.004 Benign breast disease (%) 14.7 7.51 <0.01 Postmenopausal HRT use (%)§ 21.9 14.5 <0.01 Postmenopausal (%) 57.6 55.5 0.37 Alcohol consumption (ever in past year/never; %) 19.3 10.9 <0.01 Socioeconomic status (%) <0.01 Low 25.9 32.6 Middle 24.4 34.0 High 49.7 33.4 Education (%) <0.01 None 6.6 8.5 Some elementary school 19.5 26.3 Completed elementary school 30.4 29.6 High school graduate 25.8 25.5 College graduate 8.6 5.9 Postgraduate studies 9.0 4.2 Caloric intake (kcal/d)† 2,225.4 (789) 1,935.4 (673) <0.01 Percent European ancestry† 35.9 (19) 31.8 (18) <0.01 Percent indigenous American ancestry† 59.5 (20) 64.1 (20) <0.01 Percent African ancestry† 4.5 (6) 4.1 (5) 0.11 Abbreviation: HRT, hormone replacement therapy.
↵*P values are for bivariate Fisher's exact tests in 2 × 2 tables (for categorical variables) and for t tests comparing mean values between cases and controls (for continuous variables).
↵†Mean (SD).
↵‡Women who had at least one full-term pregnancy.
↵§Proportion of menopausal women that use hormone replacement therapy.
- Table 2.
Characteristics of Mexican controls by European genetic ancestry, 2004 to 2007
European genetic ancestry P* <25 26-50 51-75 76-100 Age (y)† 51.9 (9) 51.3 (9) 50.9 (9) 51.3 (10) 0.954 BMI premenopausal women† 29.7 (5) 30.3 (5) 30.7 (6) 30.8 (5) 0.592 BMI postmenopausal women† 30.4 (5) 31.3 (5) 30.2 (5) 34.7 (8) 0.070 Age at menarche (y)† 12.9 (2) 12.8 (2) 12.9 (2) 13.2 (2) 0.332 No. of full-term pregnancies† 3.6 (2) 3.9 (3) 3.4 (2) 4.1 (3) 0.073 Ever breast-fed (%)‡ 90.7 89.7 85.0 100.0 0.278 Family history of breast cancer (%) 2.4 3.5 7.4 10.0 0.034 Benign breast disease (%) 6.8 8.0 7.4 10.0 0.768 Postmenopausal HRT use (%)§ 14.7 12.7 21.1 16.7 0.266 Postmenopausal (%) 54.7 56.5 53.3 60.0 0.891 Alcohol consumption (ever in past year/never; %) 11.7 10.1 12.2 11.1 0.761 Socioeconomic status (%) <0.001 Low 42.3 28.0 25.0 0.0 Middle 31.5 36.9 29.7 33.3 High 26.2 34.9 45.3 66.7 Education (%) <0.001 None 11.8 7.3 4.4 0.0 Some elementary school 32.4 24.6 17.8 0.0 Completed elementary school 24.9 29.6 40.7 50.0 High school graduate 23.3 27.8 22.2 30.0 College graduate 5.1 5.8 8.9 0.0 Postgraduate studies 2.4 4.8 5.9 20.0 Caloric intake (kcal/d)† 1819.4 (584) 1955.9 (682) 2132.1 (761) 2413.4 (1070) <0.001 - Table 3.
Characteristics of Mexican controls by socioeconomic status, 2004 to 2007
Socioeconomic status P* Low Medium High European ancestry (%) <0.001 0-25 47.4 33.8 28.7 26-50 42.7 54.0 51.9 51-75 9.9 11.3 17.5 76-100 0.0 0.9 1.8 Age (y)† 51.1 (10) 51.5 (9) 50.5 (8) 0.391 BMI† premenopausal women 30.5 (6) 30.4 (5) 29.3 (5) 0.111 BMI† postmenopausal women 30.6 (5) 31.0 (5) 30.5 (5) 0.616 Age at menarche (y)† 12.9 (2) 12.9 (2) 12.7 (2) 0.040 No. of full-term pregnancies† 3.5 (2) 3.2 (2) 2.6 (2) <0.001 Ever breast-fed (%)‡ 88.5 93.2 85.3 0.005 Family history of breast cancer (%) 2.2 4.7 4.5 0.142 Benign breast disease (%) 4.4 7.8 10.1 0.020 Postmenopausal HRT use (%)§ 9.9 15.3 15.4 0.222 Postmenopausal (%) 53.6 60.2 51.1 0.047 Alcohol consumption (ever in past year/never; %) 7.5 9.8 13.8 0.03 Education (%) <0.001 None 12.1 10.7 3.6 Some elementary school 36.2 28.8 13.9 Completed elementary school 28.8 30.9 28.4 High school graduate 20.7 23.7 32.3 College graduate 2.2 3.9 11.2 Postgraduate studies 0.0 2.1 10.6 Caloric intake (kcal/d)† 1773.9 (558) 1909.6 (630) 2034.0 (711) <0.001 - Table 4.
Association between genetic ancestry and breast cancer risk in women residing in Mexico, 2004 to 2007
Odds ratio 95% CI P Unadjusted model (n = 1,881; 846 cases and 1,035 controls) European ancestry (%)* <0.001 Trend 26-50 1.16 0.94-1.43 0.171 51-75 1.80 1.35-2.39 <0.001 76-100 3.22 1.46-7.11 0.004 Continuous† 1.37 1.21-1.55 <0.001 Continuous† Mexico city (n = 1,128) 1.45 1.24-1.69 <0.001 Continuous† Monterrey (n = 452) 1.27 0.96-1.70 0.096 Continuous† Veracruz (n = 301) 1.16 0.82-1.62 0.395 Unadjusted model for individuals with no missing data (n = 1540; 685 cases and 855 controls) European ancestry (%)* <0.001 Trend 26-50 1.10 0.87-1.40 0.409 51-75 1.79 1.35-2.39 <0.001 76-100 3.34 1.39-8.03 0.007 Continuous† 1.36 1.19-1.57 <0.001 Adjusted by socioeconomic status (n = 1,787; 796 cases and 991 controls) European ancestry (%)* <0.001 Trend 26-50 1.13 0.91-1.41 0.275 51-75 1.76 1.31-2.36 <0.001 76-100 2.89 1.25-6.67 0.013 Continuous† 1.34 1.17-1.53 <0.001 Socioeconomic status 1.29 1.13-1.46 <0.001 Adjusted by socioeconomic status and education (n = 1,786; 795 cases and 991 controls) European ancestry (%)* <0.001 Trend 26-50 1.09 0.87-1.36 0.438 51-75 1.67 1.24-2.26 0.001 76-100 2.68 1.16-6.20 0.021 Continuous† 1.30 1.13-1.48 <0.001 Socioeconomic status 1.18 1.05-1.37 0.008 Education 1.16 1.07-1.26 <0.001 Fully adjusted model (n = 1,540; 685 cases and 855 controls) European ancestry (%)* 0.044 Trend 26-50 1.01 0.78-1.30 0.962 51-75 1.35 0.96-1.91 0.087 76-100 2.44 0.94-6.35 0.067 Continuous† 1.20 1.03-1.41 0.019 Age at diagnosis (y) 1.04 1.02-1.07 <0.001 BMI (kg/m2) 0.95 0.93-0.97 <0.001 No. of full-term pregnancies (0 to ≥7) 0.85 0.78-0.92 <0.001 Breast-feeding (ever/never) 0.96 0.65-1.42 0.853 Benign breast disease 2.11 1.45-3.08 <0.001 Family history of breast cancer 1.70 1.03-2.79 0.036 Moderate physical activity (h/wk) 0.97 0.97-0.98 <0.001 Education 1.05 0.93-1.18 0.438 Socioeconomic status 1.01 0.86-1.18 0.919 Alcohol consumption (ever in past year) 1.78 1.29-2.45 0.001 Daily caloric intake (per 500 kcal unit) 1.40 1.28-1.52 <0.001 HRT/menopause‡ Premenopausal/HRT 1.02 0.41-2.53 0.964 Postmenopausal/no HRT 0.80 0.54-1.20 0.281 Premenopausal/no HRT 0.93 0.58-1.47 0.740 Age at first full-term pregnancy (y)§ 21-30 0.98 0.76-1.28 0.908 ≥31 1.56 0.91-2.66 0.103 No full-term pregnancy 1.00 0.53-1.91 0.991 Age at menarche (y) 0.93 0.87-1.00 0.043