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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Research Articles

Body Size, Weight Change, and Risk of Colon Cancer

Julie K. Bassett, Gianluca Severi, Dallas R. English, Laura Baglietto, Kavitha Krishnan, John L. Hopper and Graham G. Giles
Julie K. Bassett
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Gianluca Severi
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Dallas R. English
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Laura Baglietto
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Kavitha Krishnan
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John L. Hopper
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Graham G. Giles
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0543 Published November 2010
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Article Figures & Data

Tables

  • Table 1.

    Distribution of demographic and anthropometric characteristics by weight change

    Weight change since age 18 (kg)
    ≤−3>−3 to <33 to <1010 to <20≥20
    Men (n = 16,188)
        No. participants, n (%)631 (4)1,717 (11)4,093 (25)5,846 (36)3,901 (24)
        Age at study entry, mean (SD)56.8 (9.2)56.1 (9.1)55.2 (9.0)55.5 (8.7)56.2 (8.5)
        Weight change (kg), mean (SD)−7.9 (5.8)0.4 (1.6)6.7 (2.0)14.6 (2.8)27.7 (7.3)
        Weight at 18 y (kg), mean (SD)78.9 (13.4)70.8 (9.1)68.6 (8.2)66.7 (8.4)63.8 (9.7)
        Weight at study entry (kg), mean (SD)71.0 (11.3)71.3 (9.2)75.3 (8.3)81.4 (8.6)91.5 (11.7)
        Height at study entry (cm), mean (SD)172.6 (7.5)172.1 (7.4)172.1 (7.3)172.5 (7.3)173.1 (7.4)
        BMI at 18 y (kg/m2), mean (SD)26.4 (4.0)23.9 (2.7)23.2 (2.3)22.4 (2.4)21.3 (2.8)
        BMI at study entry (kg/m2), mean (SD)23.8 (3.3)24.1 (2.7)25.4 (2.4)27.4 (2.5)30.6 (3.6)
        Country of birth, n (%)
            Australia474 (75)1,211 (71)2,833 (69)3,833 (66)2,311 (59)
            United Kingdom45 (7)166 (10)351 (9)487 (8)294 (8)
            Italy60 (10)182 (11)517 (13)888 (15)614 (16)
            Greek52 (8)158 (9)392 (10)638 (11)682 (18)
        Education, n (%)
            ≤Primary87 (14)233 (14)620 (15)1,028 (18)950 (24)
            Some high/technical212 (34)517 (30)1,147 (28)1,838 (31)1,325 (34)
            Completed high/technical161 (26)409 (24)1,046 (26)1,503 (26)955 (25)
            Degree/diploma171 (27)558 (33)1,280 (31)1,477 (25)671 (17)
    Women (n = 23,438)
        No. participants, n (%)1,198 (5)2,633 (11)6,068 (26)7,950 (34)5,589 (24)
        Age at study entry, mean (SD)55.0 (9.1)54.1 (9.2)54.1 (8.7)55.2 (8.5)55.9 (8.0)
        Weight change (kg), mean (SD)−7.4 (4.7)0.5 (1.6)6.6 (2.0)14.6 (2.8)28.6 (8.1)
        Weight at 18 y (kg), mean (SD)64.4 (10.9)57.6 (7.7)54.9 (6.9)53.6 (7.1)53.5 (8.0)
        Weight at study entry (kg), mean (SD)57.0 (9.1)58.1 (7.6)61.5 (7.0)68.2 (7.6)82.1 (11.7)
        Height at study entry (cm), mean (SD)160.3 (6.7)160.5 (6.7)160.1 (6.7)159.8 (6.7)160 (6.5)
        BMI at 18 y (kg/m2), mean (SD)25.1 (4.0)22.4 (2.8)21.4 (2.5)21.0 (2.6)21.0 (2.9)
        BMI at study entry (kg/m2), mean (SD)22.2 (3.3)22.6 (2.8)24.0 (2.7)26.8 (3.0)32.3 (4.6)
        Country of birth, n (%)
            Australia936 (78)2,048 (78)4,619 (76)5,679 (71)3,528 (63)
            United Kingdom93 (8)205 (8)426 (7)510 (6)335 (6)
            Italy81 (7)213 (8)578 (10)959 (12)947 (17)
            Greek88 (7)167 (6)445 (7)802 (10)779 (14)
        Education, n (%)
            ≤Primary159 (13)314 (12)875 (14)1,567 (20)1,582 (28)
            Some high/technical491 (41)1,066 (41)2,530 (42)3,598 (45)2,468 (44)
            Completed high/technical231 (19)520 (20)1,169 (19)1,387 (17)887 (16)
            Degree/diploma317 (27)733 (28)1,494 (25)1,398 (18)652 (12)

    NOTE: Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.

    • Table 2.

      HRs and 95% CIs for colon cancer in relation to weight and BMI

      MenWomen
      Cases (PY)HR (95% CI)*Cases (PY)HR (95% CI)*
      Weight at age 18 y (quartiles)
          <61 kg/<50 kg73 (56,370)1.0060 (72,766)1.00
          61 to <67 kg/50 to <54 kg61 (58,551)0.79 (0.55-1.11)81 (80,481)1.24 (0.88-1.73)
          67 to <73 kg/54 to <59 kg70 (52,479)1.00 (0.70-1.41)62 (85,169)0.93 (0.64-1.34)
          ≥73/≥59 kg73 (54,206)1.05 (0.72-1.51)89 (94,561)1.25 (0.88-1.79)
          Linear model (per 5 kg)†277 (221,606)1.03 (0.94-1.12)292 (332,977)1.03 (0.94-1.14)
          P for trend (linear model)0.540.50
      Weight at study entry (quartiles)
          <73.0 kg/<59.8 kg50 (55,504)1.0067 (83,762)1.00
          73.0 to <79.8 kg/59.8 to <66.3 kg63 (55,853)1.23 (0.84-1.80)81 (83,009)1.24 (0.89-1.72)
          79.8 to <87.6 kg/66.3 to <74.7 kg78 (55,662)1.56 (1.08-2.28)61 (83,311)0.93 (0.65-1.33)
          ≥87.6 kg/≥74.7 kg86 (54,587)1.81 (1.22-2.68)83 (82,896)1.32 (0.93-1.86)
          Linear model (per 5 kg)†277 (221,606)1.12 (1.04-1.21)292 (332,977)1.04 (0.98-1.11)
          P for trend (linear model)<0.010.22
      BMI at age 18 y
          <18.5 kg/m218 (11,012)1.46 (0.89-2.40)28 (42,291)0.79 (0.53-1.18)
          18.5 to <23 kg/m2 (reference)135 (118,562)1.00180 (205,695)1.00
          23 to <25 kg/m270 (53,675)1.08 (0.81-1.45)53 (50,366)1.18 (0.87-1.61)
          ≥25 kg/m254 (38,358)1.21 (0.88-1.67)31 (34,625)1.07 (0.73-1.58)
          Linear model (per 5 kg/m2)†277 (221,606)1.05 (0.80-1.37)292 (332,977)1.19 (0.93-1.52)
          P for trend (linear model)0.730.16
      BMI at study entry
          <23 kg/m213 (22,766)0.60 (0.32-1.13)64 (75,853)0.95 (0.67-1.36)
          23 to <25 kg/m2 (reference)38 (38,972)1.0059 (63,349)1.00
          25 to <30 kg/m2160 (118,719)1.31 (0.91-1.87)102 (121,574)0.84 (0.61-1.17)
          ≥30 kg/m266 (41,150)1.51 (1.00-2.28)67 (72,201)1.00 (0.70-1.44)
          Linear model (per 5 kg/m2)†277 (221,606)1.39 (1.12-1.71)292 (332,977)1.01 (0.86-1.18)
          P for trend (linear model)<0.010.90

      Abbreviation: PY, person-years.

      • ↵*Models adjusted for country of birth, education, processed and fresh meat consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, fat intake, daily energy intake, smoking status, and alcohol consumption and stratified by sex. Models with weight at age 18 y or weight at study entry were also adjusted for height at study entry.

      • ↵†Test for heterogeneity in the HRs between men and women, for weight at age 18 y (P = 0.92), weight at study entry (P = 0.12), BMI at age 18 y (P = 0.49), and BMI at study entry (P = 0.02).

    • Table 3.

      HRs and 95% CIs for colon cancer in relation to weight change

      Weight change categoryMenWomen
      Cases (PY)HR (95% CI)*Cases (PY)HR (95% CI)*
      ≤−3 kg8 (8,370)0.68 (0.31-1.50)17 (16,651)0.90 (0.50-1.62)
      >−3 to <3 kg (reference)29 (23,271)1.0037 (36,968)1.00
      3 to <10 kg58 (56,260)0.92 (0.59-1.44)73 (86,306)0.88 (0.59-1.31)
      10 to <20 kg94 (80,478)1.05 (0.68-1.60)91 (113,454)0.81 (0.55-1.20)
      ≥20 kg88 (53,228)1.47 (0.94-2.31)74 (79,598)0.96 (0.64-1.44)
      Linear model (per 5 kg)†277 (221,606)1.11 (1.03-1.20)292 (332,977)1.00 (0.94-1.07)
      P for trend (linear model)<0.010.95
      • ↵*Adjusted for country of birth, weight at age 18 and height at study entry, education, processed and fresh meat consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, fat intake, daily energy intake, smoking status, and alcohol consumption and stratified by sex.

      • ↵†Test for heterogeneity in the HRs for weight change between men and women (P = 0.04).

    • Table 4.

      HRs and 95% CIs for colon cancer in relation to weight change by tumor subsite

      Weight change categoryMenWomen
      CasesHR (95% CI)*CasesHR (95% CI)*
      Proximal
          ≤−3 kg51.04 (0.35-3.08)90.72 (0.32-1.59)
          >−3 to <3 kg (reference)111.00241.00
          3 to <10 kg311.37 (0.69-2.71)390.73 (0.44-1.20)
          10 to <20 kg501.63 (0.85-3.10)540.73 (0.46-1.18)
          ≥20 kg412.12 (1.10-4.10)440.86 (0.53-1.40)
          Linear model (per 5 kg)†1381.14 (1.03-1.25)1701.01 (0.92-1.10)
          P for trend (linear model)<0.010.89
      Distal
          ≤−3 kg20.36 (0.09-1.53)71.31 (0.49-3.52)
          >−3 to <3 kg (reference)151.00111.00
          3 to <10 kg240.69 (0.36-1.32)291.17 (0.59-2.33)
          10 to <20 kg410.78 (0.42-1.44)300.92 (0.46-1.82)
          ≥20 kg411.11 (0.58-2.11)241.07 (0.53-2.18)
          Linear model (per 5 kg)†1231.09 (0.97-1.22)1010.98 (0.88-1.10)
          P for trend (linear model)0.140.72
      • ↵*Adjusted for country of birth, weight at age 18 and height at study entry, education, processed and fresh meat consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, fat intake, daily energy intake, smoking status, and alcohol consumption and stratified by tumor subsite.

      • ↵†Test for heterogeneity in the HRs for weight change between proximal and distal subsite: P = 0.59 (men) and P = 0.72 (women).

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    Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 19 (11)
    November 2010
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    Body Size, Weight Change, and Risk of Colon Cancer
    Julie K. Bassett, Gianluca Severi, Dallas R. English, Laura Baglietto, Kavitha Krishnan, John L. Hopper and Graham G. Giles
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev November 1 2010 (19) (11) 2978-2986; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0543

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    Body Size, Weight Change, and Risk of Colon Cancer
    Julie K. Bassett, Gianluca Severi, Dallas R. English, Laura Baglietto, Kavitha Krishnan, John L. Hopper and Graham G. Giles
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev November 1 2010 (19) (11) 2978-2986; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0543
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