Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Distribution of demographic and anthropometric characteristics by weight change
Weight change since age 18 (kg) ≤−3 >−3 to <3 3 to <10 10 to <20 ≥20 Men (n = 16,188) No. participants, n (%) 631 (4) 1,717 (11) 4,093 (25) 5,846 (36) 3,901 (24) Age at study entry, mean (SD) 56.8 (9.2) 56.1 (9.1) 55.2 (9.0) 55.5 (8.7) 56.2 (8.5) Weight change (kg), mean (SD) −7.9 (5.8) 0.4 (1.6) 6.7 (2.0) 14.6 (2.8) 27.7 (7.3) Weight at 18 y (kg), mean (SD) 78.9 (13.4) 70.8 (9.1) 68.6 (8.2) 66.7 (8.4) 63.8 (9.7) Weight at study entry (kg), mean (SD) 71.0 (11.3) 71.3 (9.2) 75.3 (8.3) 81.4 (8.6) 91.5 (11.7) Height at study entry (cm), mean (SD) 172.6 (7.5) 172.1 (7.4) 172.1 (7.3) 172.5 (7.3) 173.1 (7.4) BMI at 18 y (kg/m2), mean (SD) 26.4 (4.0) 23.9 (2.7) 23.2 (2.3) 22.4 (2.4) 21.3 (2.8) BMI at study entry (kg/m2), mean (SD) 23.8 (3.3) 24.1 (2.7) 25.4 (2.4) 27.4 (2.5) 30.6 (3.6) Country of birth, n (%) Australia 474 (75) 1,211 (71) 2,833 (69) 3,833 (66) 2,311 (59) United Kingdom 45 (7) 166 (10) 351 (9) 487 (8) 294 (8) Italy 60 (10) 182 (11) 517 (13) 888 (15) 614 (16) Greek 52 (8) 158 (9) 392 (10) 638 (11) 682 (18) Education, n (%) ≤Primary 87 (14) 233 (14) 620 (15) 1,028 (18) 950 (24) Some high/technical 212 (34) 517 (30) 1,147 (28) 1,838 (31) 1,325 (34) Completed high/technical 161 (26) 409 (24) 1,046 (26) 1,503 (26) 955 (25) Degree/diploma 171 (27) 558 (33) 1,280 (31) 1,477 (25) 671 (17) Women (n = 23,438) No. participants, n (%) 1,198 (5) 2,633 (11) 6,068 (26) 7,950 (34) 5,589 (24) Age at study entry, mean (SD) 55.0 (9.1) 54.1 (9.2) 54.1 (8.7) 55.2 (8.5) 55.9 (8.0) Weight change (kg), mean (SD) −7.4 (4.7) 0.5 (1.6) 6.6 (2.0) 14.6 (2.8) 28.6 (8.1) Weight at 18 y (kg), mean (SD) 64.4 (10.9) 57.6 (7.7) 54.9 (6.9) 53.6 (7.1) 53.5 (8.0) Weight at study entry (kg), mean (SD) 57.0 (9.1) 58.1 (7.6) 61.5 (7.0) 68.2 (7.6) 82.1 (11.7) Height at study entry (cm), mean (SD) 160.3 (6.7) 160.5 (6.7) 160.1 (6.7) 159.8 (6.7) 160 (6.5) BMI at 18 y (kg/m2), mean (SD) 25.1 (4.0) 22.4 (2.8) 21.4 (2.5) 21.0 (2.6) 21.0 (2.9) BMI at study entry (kg/m2), mean (SD) 22.2 (3.3) 22.6 (2.8) 24.0 (2.7) 26.8 (3.0) 32.3 (4.6) Country of birth, n (%) Australia 936 (78) 2,048 (78) 4,619 (76) 5,679 (71) 3,528 (63) United Kingdom 93 (8) 205 (8) 426 (7) 510 (6) 335 (6) Italy 81 (7) 213 (8) 578 (10) 959 (12) 947 (17) Greek 88 (7) 167 (6) 445 (7) 802 (10) 779 (14) Education, n (%) ≤Primary 159 (13) 314 (12) 875 (14) 1,567 (20) 1,582 (28) Some high/technical 491 (41) 1,066 (41) 2,530 (42) 3,598 (45) 2,468 (44) Completed high/technical 231 (19) 520 (20) 1,169 (19) 1,387 (17) 887 (16) Degree/diploma 317 (27) 733 (28) 1,494 (25) 1,398 (18) 652 (12) NOTE: Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.
- Table 2.
HRs and 95% CIs for colon cancer in relation to weight and BMI
Men Women Cases (PY) HR (95% CI)* Cases (PY) HR (95% CI)* Weight at age 18 y (quartiles) <61 kg/<50 kg 73 (56,370) 1.00 60 (72,766) 1.00 61 to <67 kg/50 to <54 kg 61 (58,551) 0.79 (0.55-1.11) 81 (80,481) 1.24 (0.88-1.73) 67 to <73 kg/54 to <59 kg 70 (52,479) 1.00 (0.70-1.41) 62 (85,169) 0.93 (0.64-1.34) ≥73/≥59 kg 73 (54,206) 1.05 (0.72-1.51) 89 (94,561) 1.25 (0.88-1.79) Linear model (per 5 kg)† 277 (221,606) 1.03 (0.94-1.12) 292 (332,977) 1.03 (0.94-1.14) P for trend (linear model) 0.54 0.50 Weight at study entry (quartiles) <73.0 kg/<59.8 kg 50 (55,504) 1.00 67 (83,762) 1.00 73.0 to <79.8 kg/59.8 to <66.3 kg 63 (55,853) 1.23 (0.84-1.80) 81 (83,009) 1.24 (0.89-1.72) 79.8 to <87.6 kg/66.3 to <74.7 kg 78 (55,662) 1.56 (1.08-2.28) 61 (83,311) 0.93 (0.65-1.33) ≥87.6 kg/≥74.7 kg 86 (54,587) 1.81 (1.22-2.68) 83 (82,896) 1.32 (0.93-1.86) Linear model (per 5 kg)† 277 (221,606) 1.12 (1.04-1.21) 292 (332,977) 1.04 (0.98-1.11) P for trend (linear model) <0.01 0.22 BMI at age 18 y <18.5 kg/m2 18 (11,012) 1.46 (0.89-2.40) 28 (42,291) 0.79 (0.53-1.18) 18.5 to <23 kg/m2 (reference) 135 (118,562) 1.00 180 (205,695) 1.00 23 to <25 kg/m2 70 (53,675) 1.08 (0.81-1.45) 53 (50,366) 1.18 (0.87-1.61) ≥25 kg/m2 54 (38,358) 1.21 (0.88-1.67) 31 (34,625) 1.07 (0.73-1.58) Linear model (per 5 kg/m2)† 277 (221,606) 1.05 (0.80-1.37) 292 (332,977) 1.19 (0.93-1.52) P for trend (linear model) 0.73 0.16 BMI at study entry <23 kg/m2 13 (22,766) 0.60 (0.32-1.13) 64 (75,853) 0.95 (0.67-1.36) 23 to <25 kg/m2 (reference) 38 (38,972) 1.00 59 (63,349) 1.00 25 to <30 kg/m2 160 (118,719) 1.31 (0.91-1.87) 102 (121,574) 0.84 (0.61-1.17) ≥30 kg/m2 66 (41,150) 1.51 (1.00-2.28) 67 (72,201) 1.00 (0.70-1.44) Linear model (per 5 kg/m2)† 277 (221,606) 1.39 (1.12-1.71) 292 (332,977) 1.01 (0.86-1.18) P for trend (linear model) <0.01 0.90 Abbreviation: PY, person-years.
↵*Models adjusted for country of birth, education, processed and fresh meat consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, fat intake, daily energy intake, smoking status, and alcohol consumption and stratified by sex. Models with weight at age 18 y or weight at study entry were also adjusted for height at study entry.
↵†Test for heterogeneity in the HRs between men and women, for weight at age 18 y (P = 0.92), weight at study entry (P = 0.12), BMI at age 18 y (P = 0.49), and BMI at study entry (P = 0.02).
- Table 3.
HRs and 95% CIs for colon cancer in relation to weight change
Weight change category Men Women Cases (PY) HR (95% CI)* Cases (PY) HR (95% CI)* ≤−3 kg 8 (8,370) 0.68 (0.31-1.50) 17 (16,651) 0.90 (0.50-1.62) >−3 to <3 kg (reference) 29 (23,271) 1.00 37 (36,968) 1.00 3 to <10 kg 58 (56,260) 0.92 (0.59-1.44) 73 (86,306) 0.88 (0.59-1.31) 10 to <20 kg 94 (80,478) 1.05 (0.68-1.60) 91 (113,454) 0.81 (0.55-1.20) ≥20 kg 88 (53,228) 1.47 (0.94-2.31) 74 (79,598) 0.96 (0.64-1.44) Linear model (per 5 kg)† 277 (221,606) 1.11 (1.03-1.20) 292 (332,977) 1.00 (0.94-1.07) P for trend (linear model) <0.01 0.95 ↵*Adjusted for country of birth, weight at age 18 and height at study entry, education, processed and fresh meat consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, fat intake, daily energy intake, smoking status, and alcohol consumption and stratified by sex.
↵†Test for heterogeneity in the HRs for weight change between men and women (P = 0.04).
- Table 4.
HRs and 95% CIs for colon cancer in relation to weight change by tumor subsite
Weight change category Men Women Cases HR (95% CI)* Cases HR (95% CI)* Proximal ≤−3 kg 5 1.04 (0.35-3.08) 9 0.72 (0.32-1.59) >−3 to <3 kg (reference) 11 1.00 24 1.00 3 to <10 kg 31 1.37 (0.69-2.71) 39 0.73 (0.44-1.20) 10 to <20 kg 50 1.63 (0.85-3.10) 54 0.73 (0.46-1.18) ≥20 kg 41 2.12 (1.10-4.10) 44 0.86 (0.53-1.40) Linear model (per 5 kg)† 138 1.14 (1.03-1.25) 170 1.01 (0.92-1.10) P for trend (linear model) <0.01 0.89 Distal ≤−3 kg 2 0.36 (0.09-1.53) 7 1.31 (0.49-3.52) >−3 to <3 kg (reference) 15 1.00 11 1.00 3 to <10 kg 24 0.69 (0.36-1.32) 29 1.17 (0.59-2.33) 10 to <20 kg 41 0.78 (0.42-1.44) 30 0.92 (0.46-1.82) ≥20 kg 41 1.11 (0.58-2.11) 24 1.07 (0.53-2.18) Linear model (per 5 kg)† 123 1.09 (0.97-1.22) 101 0.98 (0.88-1.10) P for trend (linear model) 0.14 0.72 ↵*Adjusted for country of birth, weight at age 18 and height at study entry, education, processed and fresh meat consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, fat intake, daily energy intake, smoking status, and alcohol consumption and stratified by tumor subsite.
↵†Test for heterogeneity in the HRs for weight change between proximal and distal subsite: P = 0.59 (men) and P = 0.72 (women).