Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of early stage head and neck cancer patients according to survival status at the end of follow-up
Characteristics Patients who died, n = 62 Patients who survived, n = 202 P Age (mean ± SD) 64.0 ± 7.5 61.0 ± 9.9 0.01 Sex 0.52 Male 52 (84%) 162 (80%) Female 10 (16%) 40 (20%) Race 0.85 White/non-Hispanic 54 (87%) 181 (90%) Hispanic/Puerto Rican 4 (6%) 11 (5%) Non-White 4 (6%) 10 (5%) Tumor site 0.15 Oral cavity 19 (31%) 46 (23%) Pharynx 7 (11%) 13 (6%) Larynx 36 (58%) 143 (71%) Treatment 0.33 Surgery 20 (32%) 61 (30%) Radiation 32 (52%) 111 (55%) Surgery and Radiation 9 (15%) 18 (9%) Unknown 1 (2%) 12 (6%) Stage* 0.002 Carcinoma in situ 4 (7%) 9 (4%) I 27 (44%) 138 (69%) II 30 (49%) 54 (27%) Recruitment site 0.23 Connecticut 52 (84%) 155 (77%) Florida 10 (16%) 47 (23%) Years of education* 0.82 <12 8 (13%) 23 (11%) 12 29 (47%) 88 (44%) >12 25 (40%) 90 (45%) BMI (kg/m2) 24.4 ± 3.8 25.8 ± 3.8 0.01 ↵*Stage category missing for two patients and education for one.
- Table 2.
Association between smoking status/smoking history at diagnosis and mortality during the follow-up period in a cohort of early stage head and neck cancer patients
Smoking Person-years All-cause mortality No. of deaths RR* (95% CI) Cigarette smoking Never smokers (n = 17) 75 1 1.0 Former smokers (n = 111) 460 18 2.14 (0.28, 16.47) Current smokers (n = 136) 568 43 4.91 (0.67, 35.98) Smoking intensity, cigarettes/d† 1-15 (n = 49) 222 9 2.43 (0.30, 19.69) 16-30 (n = 103) 423 22 3.59 (0.48, 27.04) >30 (n = 95) 382 30 5.33 (0.71, 40.00) P-trend 0.17 Smoking duration, y† 1-30 (n = 78) 347 10 1.95 (0.24, 15.86) 31-40 (n = 61) 256 15 3.59 (0.47, 27.54) >40 (n = 108) 423 36 5.15 (0.69, 38.47) P-trend 0.004 Pack-years† Up to 40 (n = 96) 407 15 2.49 (0.33, 19.11) 41-60 (n = 67) 276 16 3.88 (0.50, 30.26) >60 (n = 84) 344 30 5.39 (0.73, 40.12) P-trend 0.003 ↵*Adjusted for age, sex, educational level, BMI, race, randomization group, beer, wine, and liquor. P-trend refers to the test for a linear dose-response relationship for each measure of tobacco use (smoking intensity, duration, and pack-years separately).
↵†Among current and former smokers combined, relative to never smokers.
- Table 3.
Association between usual alcohol intake before diagnosis and mortality during the follow-up period, for total alcohol and by type of alcohol, in a cohort of early stage head and neck cancer patients
Alcohol intake Person-years All-cause mortality No. of deaths RR* (95% CI) Total (drinks/wk) 0 (n = 30) 145 3 1.0 1-7 (n = 49) 197 6 1.46 (0.35, 6.14) 8-21 (n = 60) 275 11 1.44 (0.39, 5.35) 22-35 (n = 32) 133 7 2.36 (0.60, 9.31) >35 (n = 93) 352 35 4.87 (1.46, 16.27) P-trend <0.0001 Beer (drinks/wk) 0 (n = 82) 367 14 1.0 1-7 (n = 76) 314 14 1.20 (0.53, 2.73) 8-21 (n = 52) 201 13 2.37 (1.03, 5.44) >21 (n = 54) 219 21 2.86 (1.34, 6.12) P-trend 0.04 Wine (drinks/wk) 0 (n = 160) 675 44 1.0 1-2 (n = 43) 180 7 0.58 (0.25, 1.35) 3-7 (n = 30) 121 4 0.44 (0.14, 1.35) >7 (n = 31) 125 7 0.75 (0.32, 1.76) P-trend 0.27 Liquor (drinks/wk) 0 (n = 91) 405 16 1.0 1-7 (n = 61) 244 12 1.27 (0.59, 2.75) 8-21 (n = 48) 217 13 1.04 (0.47, 2.33) >21 (n = 64) 235 21 2.11 (1.04, 4.28) P-trend 0.0001 ↵*Adjusted for age, sex, smoking history (pack-years, current versus former/never), educational level, BMI, race, randomization group, and other types of alcohol (where applicable). P-trend refers to the test for a linear dose-response relationship for each measure of alcohol use (total, beer, wine, and liquor separately).
- Table 4.
Association between continued drinking and smoking habits postdiagnosis, and mortality during follow-up in a cohort of early stage head and neck cancer patients
Habits during follow-up Person-years All-cause mortality No. of deaths RR* (95% CI) RR† (95% CI) Drinking Nondrinker (n = 101) 451 13 1.0 1.0 Transitional drinker (n = 64) 315 8 0.86 (0.36, 2.08) 0.73 (0.29, 1.86) Continuous drinker (n = 73) 305 20 2.48 (1.23, 5.02) 2.72 (1.20, 6.14) Cigarette smoking Nonsmoker (n = 163) 736 22 1.0 1.0 Transitional smoker (n = 28) 133 3 0.86 (0.26, 2.90) 0.36 (0.10, 1.31) Continuous smoker (n = 50) 206 17 3.30 (1.74, 6.26) 1.83 (0.85, 3.94)