Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and smoking history for lifetime smokers ages 25 to 44 years by race/ethnicity (n = 9,216)
Characteristic Caucasian (n = 7,907) African American (n = 955) Latino (n = 246) Asian American (n = 108) P Age ± SD, y 36.3 ± 5.3 37.1 ± 5.1 35.6 ± 5.4 35.0 ± 5.5 <0.001 Age of smoking initiation ± SD, y 17.0 ± 3.5 19.6 ± 5.1 17.1 ± 3.8 18.9 ± 3.2 <0.001 Time of transition to regular smoking ± SD, y 2.93 ± 3.26 3.39 ± 4.31 2.94 ± 3.30 2.57 ± 2.59 0.90 Gender (%) Female 58 60 58 21 <0.001 Male 42 40 42 79 Marital status (%) Married 74 48 72 78 <0.001 Not married 26 52 28 22 Education (%), y <12 4 10 8 1 <0.001 12 26 33 33 12 13-15 30 40 29 20 ≥16 40 17 30 67 Employment status (%) Full-time 74 79 69 89 <0.001 Part-time/homemaker/student 22 11 24 7 Out of work/disabled/retired 4 10 7 4 Ever used other tobacco products (%) No 39 55 45 38 <0.001 Yes 61 45 55 62 Time to first cigarette when smoking the most (%) >30 min after waking 53 48 63 58 <0.001 ≤30 min after waking 47 52 37 42 Cigarettes per day when smoking the most (%) ≤10 32 54 50 59 <0.001 11-20 39 34 32 29 21-30 16 7 10 7 ≥31 13 5 9 6 - Table 2.
Univariate analysis of predictors of prior use of NRT in lifetime smokers (n = 9,216)
Variable Percentage ever used NRT P OR (95% CI) for ever used NRT P Race/ethnicity Caucasian 31 <0.001 1.0 (Reference) African American 22 0.64 (0.55-0.75) <0.001 Latino 22 0.62 (0.46-0.84) <0.01 Asian American 22 0.65 (0.41-1.02) 0.06 Gender Female 30 0.84 1.0 (Reference) Male 29 0.99 (0.91-1.09) 0.82 Marital status Not married 30 0.32 1.0 (Reference) Married 29 0.95 (0.87-1.05) 0.35 Employment status Full-time 30 <0.001 1.0 (Reference) Part-time/homemaker/student 28 0.90 (0.81-1.01) 0.08 Out of work/disabled/retired 38 1.47 (1.20-1.81) <0.001 Ever used other tobacco products No 28 0.001 1.0 (Reference) Yes 31 1.16 (1.06-1.27) <0.01 Time to first cigarette when smoking the most >30 min after waking 17 <0.001 1.0 (Reference) ≤30 min after waking 43 3.65 (3.31-4.01) <0.001 Cigarettes per day when smoking the most* NA 2.10 (2.00-2.20) <0.001 Age NA 1.02 (1.01-1.03) <0.001 Age of smoking initiation NA 0.94 (0.93-0.95) <0.001 Time of transition to regular smoking NA 0.97 (0.95-0.98) <0.001 Education† NA 0.86 (0.82-0.91) <0.001 - Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis predictors of use of NRT in lifetime smokers ages 25 to 44 years (n = 9,216)
Model* OR (95% CI) P Use of NRT Race/ethnicity Caucasian 1.0 (Reference) African American 0.76 (0.63-0.91) <0.01 Latino 0.76 (0.54-1.06) 0.11 Asian American 0.98 (0.60-1.60) 0.95 Gender Female 1.0 (Reference) Male 0.73 (0.65-0.82) <0.001 Ever used other tobacco products No 1.0 (Reference) Yes 1.19 (1.07-1.35) <0.01 Time to first cigarette when smoking the most >30 min after waking 1.0 (Reference) ≤30 min after waking 2.13 (1.91-2.38) <0.001 Cigarettes per day when smoking the most† 1.76 (1.66-1.86) <0.001 Age 1.00 (0.99-1.01) 0.34 Education‡ 1.07 (1.01-1.13) 0.02 ↵* Logistic regression models controlled for site. All possible interactions for the variables selected for the multivariate model were tested but were not statistically significant at the 0.05 level. A forced-entry simultaneous model of the significant covariates with race/ethnicity showed similar results.
↵† Cigarettes per day treated as an ordinal variable.
↵‡ Education treated as an ordinal variable.
- Table 4.
Univariate analysis of predictors of quitting smoking (quit ratio) in lifetime smokers (n = 9,216)
Variable Percentage quit smoking P OR (95% CI) for quit smoking P Race/ethnicity Caucasian 52 <0.001 1.0 (Reference) African American 35 0.49 (0.42-0.56) <0.001 Latino 49 0.87 (0.67-1.12) 0.27 Asian American 54 1.06 (0.72-1.54) 0.78 Gender Female 52 <0.05 1.0 (Reference) Male 49 0.91 (0.84-0.99) <0.05 Marital status Not married 36 <0.001 1.0 (Reference) Married 57 2.37 (2.16-2.60) <0.001 Employment status Full-time 49 <0.001 1.0 (Reference) Part-time/homemaker/student 59 1.46 (1.31-1.61) <0.001 Out of work/disabled/retired 31 0.47 (0.38-0.58) <0.001 Ever used other tobacco products No 51 0.83 1.0 (Reference) Yes 50 0.99 (0.91-1.08) 0.83 Time to first cigarette when smoking the most >30 min after waking 61 <0.001 1.0 (Reference) ≤30 min after waking 39 0.42 (0.38-0.45) <0.001 Cigarettes per day when smoking the most* NA 0.70 (0.67-0.73) <0.001 Age NA 1.02 (1.01-1.02) <0.001 Age of smoking initiation NA 0.99 (0.98-1.00) 0.08 Time of transition to regular smoking NA 1.02 (1.00-1.03) 0.02 Education† NA 1.56 (1.48-1.63) <0.001 - Table 5.
Logistic regression analysis predictors of quitting smoking (quit ratio) in lifetime smokers ages 25 to 44 years (n = 9,216)
Model* OR (95% CI) P Quit smoking Race/ethnicity Caucasian 1.0 (Reference) African American 0.66 (0.56-0.78) <0.001 Latino 0.84 (0.63-1.12) 0.24 Asian American 0.85 (0.55-1.30) 0.45 Gender Female 1.0 (Reference) Male 1.13 (1.03-1.25) 0.01 Marital status Not married 1.0 (Reference) Married 1.87 (1.69-2.08) <0.001 Employment status Full-time 1.0 Part-time/homemaker/student 1.31 (1.16-1.48) <0.001 Out of work/disabled/retired 0.67 (0.53-0.85) 0.001 Time to first cigarette when smoking the most >30 min after waking 1.0 (Reference) ≤30 min after waking 0.55 (0.50-0.61) <0.001 Cigarettes per day when smoking the most† 0.81 (0.76-0.86) <0.001 Age 1.06 (1.05-1.07) <0.001 Age of smoking initiation 0.96 (0.95-0.97) <0.001 Education‡ 1.41 (1.34-1.49) <0.001 ↵* Logistic regression models controlled for site. All possible interactions for the variables selected for the multivariate model were tested but were not statistically significant at the 0.05 level. A forced-entry simultaneous model of the significant covariates with race/ethnicity showed similar results.
↵† Cigarettes per day treated as an ordinal variable.
↵‡ Education treated as an ordinal variable.
Volume 17, Issue 7
