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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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A 22-year Prospective Study of Fish, n-3 Fatty Acid Intake, and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men

Megan N. Hall, Jorge E. Chavarro, I-Min Lee, Walter C. Willett and Jing Ma
Megan N. Hall
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Jorge E. Chavarro
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I-Min Lee
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Walter C. Willett
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Jing Ma
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2803 Published May 2008
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Abstract

Background: Fish is the main dietary source of long-chain n-3 fatty acids, which have been suggested to play a protective role in colorectal cancer development in laboratory and animal studies. Human studies have not shown consistent results. We examined the association between intakes of fish and n-3 fatty acids from fish and colorectal cancer risk in men enrolled in the Physicians' Health Study.

Methods: The Physicians' Health Study began as a randomized trial to examine the effect of aspirin and β-carotene supplementation on cancer and cardiovascular disease. Fish intake was assessed at the 12-month follow-up with an abbreviated food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariate relative risks for colorectal cancer for the categories of fish intake and quartiles of n-3 fatty acid intake.

Results: During 22 years of follow-up, 500 men had a confirmed diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Fish intake was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk [multivariate relative risk (95% confidence interval) for highest versus lowest category, 0.60 (0.40-0.91); Ptrend = 0.01]. The inverse association was observed for both colon and rectal cancers. Our findings for n-3 fatty acids were similar to those for fish; the multivariate relative risk (95% confidence interval) of total colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest quartile of n-3 fatty acids was 0.74 (0.57-0.95; Ptrend = 0.01).

Conclusions: Our results from this long-term prospective study suggest that intakes of fish and long-chain n-3 fatty acids from fish may decrease the risk for colorectal cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(5):1136–43)

  • fish
  • n-3 fatty acids
  • colorectal cancer
  • prospective cohort
  • risk

Footnotes

  • Grant support: NIH R25 CA098566 and CA42182.

  • Note: The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or the NIH.

    • Accepted February 20, 2008.
    • Received November 15, 2007.
    • Revision received January 23, 2008.
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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 17 (5)
May 2008
Volume 17, Issue 5
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A 22-year Prospective Study of Fish, n-3 Fatty Acid Intake, and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men
Megan N. Hall, Jorge E. Chavarro, I-Min Lee, Walter C. Willett and Jing Ma
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev May 1 2008 (17) (5) 1136-1143; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2803

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A 22-year Prospective Study of Fish, n-3 Fatty Acid Intake, and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men
Megan N. Hall, Jorge E. Chavarro, I-Min Lee, Walter C. Willett and Jing Ma
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev May 1 2008 (17) (5) 1136-1143; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2803
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