Pancreatic Cancer and Factors Associated with the Insulin Resistance Syndrome in the Korean Cancer Prevention Study | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention

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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0507 Published February 2008

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Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the subjects in the Korean Cancer Prevention Study (ages 45+ years)

Variable	Men			Women
Variable		n	Mean (SD), median	n	Mean (SD), median
Age (y)	358,474	54.8 (7.6), 54.0	272,698	57.0 (8.6), 56.0
BMI (kg/m²)	358,474	23.3 (2.6), 23.2	272,698	24.0 (3.1), 23.8
Fasting serum glucose (mg/dL)	358,244	96.4 (30.0), 91.0	272,464	93.5 (27.6), 89.0
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	358,243	195.6 (38.8), 193.0	272,470	203.1 (39.8), 200.0
SBP (mm Hg)	358,411	128.5 (18.1), 130.0	272,587	126.4 (20.6), 120.0
ALT	358,220	25.4 (19.0), 21.0	272,444	20.7 (12.0), 18.0

		%		%
Current smoking	358,474	54.8	272,698	6.2
Alcohol drinking	358,474	71.3	272,698	13.4
Family history of diabetes	288,922	4.7	212,232	6.3

Table 2.

Baseline characteristics according to baseline levels of fasting serum glucose

Variable	Fasting serum glucose (mg/dL)
		<90			90-125			126+			P*
		n	Mean (SD)	n	Mean (SD)	N	Mean (SD)				P*
Age (y)	308,380	55.5 (8.1)	282,528	55.9 (8.1)	40,264	57.3 (8.0)	<0.0001
BMI (kg/m²)	308,380	23.4 (2.8)	282,528	23.7 (2.9)	40,264	24.0 (2.9)	<0.0001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	307,928	195.3 (37.7)	282,525	201.1 (39.4)	40,260	209.7 (47.9)	<0.0001
SBP (mm Hg)	308,304	125.7 (18.7)	282,443	128.9 (19.5)	40,251	132.8 (20.4)	<0.0001
ALT	307,908	22.1 (14.8)	282,497	24.1 (16.8)	40,259	28.1 (23.9)	<0.0001

		%		%		%
Current smoking	308,380	33.1	282,528	34.1	40,264	37.0	<0.0001
Alcohol drinking	308,380	43.2	282,528	49.0	40,264	51.0	<0.0001
Family history of diabetes	245,298	4.4	223,759	5.2	32,097	14.6	<0.0001

↵* Tested using ANOVA for continuous variables and χ² test for categorical variables.

Table 3.

RR (95% CI) of pancreatic cancer according to available clinical measurements

	Cases	RR (95% CI)
	Cases			Adjusted*	Adjusted^†
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
<200	1,232	1.0	1.0
200-239	647	0.91 (0.83-1.01)	0.91 (0.82-1.00)
240+	311	1.00 (0.88-1.13)	0.97 (0.85-1.10)
P_trend		0.98	0.77
SBP (mm Hg)
<120	530	1.0	1.0
120-129	487	0.97 (0.86-1.10)	0.97 (0.86-1.10)
130-139	467	1.01 (0.89-1.14)	1.01 (0.89-1.14)
140+	710	0.99 (0.88-1.11)	0.98 (0.88-1.10)
P_trend		0.91	0.98
WBC^‡ (cells/L)
1^st	226	1.0	1.0
2^nd	252	1.07 (0.92-1.24)	1.08 (0.93-1.26)
3^rd	213	0.97 (0.83-1.14)	0.98 (0.83-1.14)
4^th	265	1.12 (0.97-1.30)	1.11 (0.96-1.29)
5^th	262	1.08 (0.93-1.26)	1.05 (0.91-1.22)
P_trend		0.33	0.58
AST
<20	578	1.0	1.0
20-30	976	0.99 (0.89-1.10)	1.00 (0.90-1.11)
30-40	412	1.18 (1.04-1.34)	1.19 (1.05-1.35)
40+	224	1.34 (1.15-1.56)	1.33 (1.14-1.55)
P_trend		0.06	0.05
ALT
<20	975	1.0	1.0
20-30	708	1.05 (0.96-1.16)	1.06 (0.96-1.16)
30-40	273	1.19 (1.04-1.36)	1.19 (1.04-1.36)
40+	234	1.36 (1.18-1.57)	1.34 (1.16-1.56)
P_trend		0.02	0.02

↵* Adjusted for age and gender.
↵† Adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, and fasting serum glucose levels.
↵‡ Sex-specific quintiles WBC: male (<5,700, 5,700-6,599, 6,600-7,399, 7,400-8,499, and ≥8,500) and female (<5,200, 5,200-5,999, 6,000-6,699, 6,700-7,699, and ≥7,700).

Table 4.

RR (95% CI) of pancreatic cancer according to ALT and AST levels excluding 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 years of follow-up

	No. years of follow-up excluded
		2			4			6			8			10
		Cases	RR* (95% CI)	Cases	RR* (95% CI)	Cases	RR* (95% CI)	Cases	RR* (95% CI)	Cases	RR* (95% CI)
AST
<20	578	1.00	494	1.00	392	1.00	276	1.00	137	1.00
20-30	976	1.00 (0.90-1.11)	847	1.02 (0.91-1.14)	669	1.02 (0.90-1.16)	460	1.00 (0.86-1.16)	245	1.09 (0.88-1.34)
30-40	412	1.19 (1.05-1.35)	336	1.14 (0.99-1.31)	258	1.11 (0.95-1.31)	175	1.08 (0.89-1.31)	832	1.04 (0.79-1.37)
40+	224	1.33 (1.14-1.55)	195	1.36 (1.15-1.61)	136	1.22 (1.01-1.49)	89	1.16 (0.91-1.48)	45	1.21 (0.86-1.70)
P_trend		0.05		0.06		0.04		0.05		0.17
ALT
<20	975	1.00	845	1.00	662	1.00	435	1.00	223	1.00
20-30	708	1.06 (0.96-1.16)	602	1.03 (0.92-1.14)	465	1.01 (0.89-1.13)	332	1.08 (0.94-1.25)	166	1.01 (0.83-1.24)
30-40	273	1.19 (1.04-1.36)	225	1.12 (0.96-1.30)	174	1.09 (0.92-1.29)	126	1.19 (0.97-1.45)	63	1.10 (0.83-1.46)
40+	234	1.34 (1.16-1.56)	200	1.31 (1.12-1.54)	154	1.28 (1.07-1.53)	107	1.34 (1.08-1.67)	58	1.36 (1.01-1.83)
P_trend	200	0.02		0.06		0.09		0.01		0.10

↵* Adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, and fasting serum glucose levels.

Table 5.

RR (95% CI) of pancreatic cancer according to anthropometric factors

	Cases	RR (95% CI)
	Cases			Adjusted*	Adjusted^†
Height (cm)^‡
1^st	414	1.0	1.0
2^nd	355	0.93 (0.80-1.07)	0.92 (0.80-1.07)
3^rd	497	1.13 (0.99-1.29)	1.12 (0.98-1.28)
4^th	443	1.03 (0.89-1.18)	1.02 (0.89-1.18)
5^th	485	1.09 (0.94-1.25)	1.09 (0.94-1.25)
P_trend		0.33	0.33
Weight (kg)^§
1^st	456	1.0	1.0
2^nd	397	0.92 (0.81-1.06)	0.93 (0.81-1.07)
3^rd	486	1.04 (0.92-1.19)	1.07 (0.93-1.22)
4^th	400	0.99 (0.86-1.14)	1.01 (0.88-1.17)
5^th	455	1.01 (0.88-1.16)	1.04 (0.90-1.19)
P_trend		0.59	0.42
BMI (kg/m²)
<18.5	66	0.76 (0.59-0.98)	0.78 (0.60-1.00)
18.5-22.9	963	1.0 (Reference)	1.0 (Reference)
23.0-27.4	1,008	0.98 (0.90-1.08)	0.98 (0.89-1.07)
27.5+	157	0.97 (0.82-1.15)	0.95 (0.80-1.12)
P_trend		0.30	0.38

↵* Adjusted for age and gender.
↵† Adjusted for age, gender, smoking, and fasting serum glucose levels.
↵‡ Sex-specific quintiles height: male (<162, 162-164.9, 165-167.9, 168-170.9, and ≥171) and female (<148, 148-151.9, 152-154.9, 155-157.9, and ≥158).
↵§ Sex-specific quintiles weight: male (<57, 57-61.9, 62-66.4, 66.5-71.9, and ≥72) and female (<49, 49-53.9, 54-57.9, 58-62.9, ≥63).

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 17 (2)

February 2008
Volume 17, Issue 2

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