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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Migraine in Postmenopausal Women and the Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer

Robert W. Mathes, Kathleen E. Malone, Janet R. Daling, Scott Davis, Sylvia M. Lucas, Peggy L. Porter and Christopher I. Li
Robert W. Mathes
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Kathleen E. Malone
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Janet R. Daling
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Scott Davis
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Sylvia M. Lucas
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Peggy L. Porter
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Christopher I. Li
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0527 Published November 2008
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Tables

  • Table 1.

    Selected characteristics of controls, invasive ductal carcinoma cases, and invasive lobular carcinoma cases

    Controls (n = 1,474)
    Ductal carcinoma (n = 1,199)
    Lobular carcinoma (n = 739)
    n (%)n (%)n (%)
    Reference age (y)
        55-59137 (9.3)140 (11.7)162 (21.9)
        60-64121 (8.2)125 (10.4)139 (18.8)
        65-69442 (30.0)341 (28.4)189 (25.5)
        70-74478 (32.4)380 (31.7)195 (26.4)
        75-79296 (20.1)213 (17.7)54 (7.3)
    Race
        White (non-Hispanic)1,346 (91.3)1,116 (93.1)688 (93.1)
        Black45 (3.1)22 (1.8)16 (2.2)
        Asian/Pacific Islander38 (2.6)35 (2.9)11 (1.5)
        Other/unknown45 (3.0)26 (2.2)24 (3.2)
    Education
        Less than high school177 (12.0)127 (10.6)53 (7.2)
        High school520 (35.3)403 (33.6)221 (29.9)
        Some college467 (31.7)407 (33.9)238 (32.2)
        College/college graduate309 (21.0)262 (21.9)227 (30.7)
        Missing100
    Parity
        Nulliparous130 (8.8)126 (10.5)99 (13.4)
        Parous1,344 (91.2)1,073 (89.5)640 (86.6)
    Age at first birth (y)
        14-19273 (20.4)201 (18.8)124 (19.5)
        20-24650 (48.5)519 (48.6)306 (48.0)
        25-29305 (22.7)244 (22.8)136 (21.4)
        30-42113 (8.4)105 (9.8)71 (11.1)
        Missing133130102
    Use of oral contraceptives (mo)
        0907 (63.4)721 (63.0)339 (49.2)
        6-59297 (20.8)219 (19.1)193 (28.0)
        60-409227 (15.9)204 (17.8)157 (22.8)
        Missing435550
    Recency of menopausal hormone therapy use
        Never user433 (32.4)323 (29.9)134 (19.3)
        Former user of hormone therapy246 (18.4)185 (17.1)96 (13.9)
        Current EHT user450 (33.6)297 (27.5)195 (28.1)
        Current CHT user209 (15.6)276 (25.5)268 (38.7)
        Missing13611846
    First-degree family history of breast cancer
        No1,153 (83.4)878 (77.3)556 (77.3)
        Yes229 (16.6)258 (22.7)163 (22.7)
        Missing926320
    Body mass index, quartiles (kg/m2)
        ≤23.16363 (25.4)265 (22.6)210 (29.0)
        23.17-26.44372 (26.1)309 (26.4)154 (21.3)
        26.45-30.82343 (24.0)283 (24.1)200 (27.6)
        ≥30.83350 (24.5)315 (26.9)160 (22.1)
        Missing462715
    • Abbreviations: EHT, estrogen hormone therapy; CHT, combined hormone therapy.

  • Table 2.

    Relationship between a history of migraine and risks of invasive ductal and invasive lobular breast carcinomas

    Controls (n = 1,474)
    Ductal carcinoma (n = 1,199)
    Lobular carcinoma (n = 739)
    n (%)n (%)OR* (95% CI)n (%)OR* (95% CI)
    Never diagnosed with migraine1,202 (82)1,037 (87)1.00 (reference)630 (85)1.00 (reference)
    Ever diagnosed with migraine272 (19)162 (14)0.67 (0.54-0.82)†109 (15)0.68 (0.52-0.90)†
    Age at migraine diagnosis (y)
        <2073 (5)32 (3)0.50 (0.33-0.76)†23 (3)0.55 (0.33-0.91)†
        20-39110 (8)80 (7)0.83 (0.62-1.13)48 (7)0.77 (0.53-1.12)
        ≥4089 (6)50 (4)0.62 (0.43-0.89)†36 (5)0.62 (0.41-0.95)†
        P value for difference across age categories0.520.85
    Ever use of prescription migraine medications
        No127 (9)67 (6)0.58 (0.43-0.79)†53 (7)0.65 (0.46-0.93)†
        Yes144 (10)92 (8)0.73 (0.56-0.97)†55 (8)0.69 (0.49-0.97)†
    P value for difference across medication categories0.250.98
    • ↵* ORs adjusted for age and reference year.

    • ↵† P < 0.05.

  • Table 3.

    Relationship between a history of migraine and risks of invasive ductal and invasive lobular breast carcinomas by joint ER/PR status

    Ductal carcinoma
    Controls (n = 1,474)
    ER+/PR+ (n = 855)
    ER+/PR− (n = 133)
    ER−/PR− (n = 147)
    n (%)n (%)OR* (95% CI)n (%)OR* (95% CI)n (%)OR* (95% CI)
    Never diagnosed with migraine1,202 (82)739 (87)1.00 (reference)120 (90)1.00 (reference)121 (82)1.00 (reference)
    Ever diagnosed with migraine272 (19)114 (13)0.65 (0.51-0.83)†13 (10)0.49 (0.27-0.88)†26 (18)0.87 (0.56-1.36)
    Age at migraine diagnosis (y)
        <2073 (5)26 (3)0.56 (0.35-0.88)†2 (2)0.28 (0.07-1.16)3 (2.0)0.37 (0.11-1.19)
        20-39110 (8)57 (7)0.82 (0.59-1.15)6 (5)0.56 (0.24-1.30)15 (10)1.24 (0.70-2.21)
        ≥4089 (6)31 (4)0.53 (0.35-0.81)†5 (4)0.57 (0.23-1.44)8 (5)0.82 (0.39-1.74)
        P value for difference across age categories0.800.430.37
    Ever use of prescription migraine medications
        No127 (9)47 (6)0.56 (0.39-0.79)†6 (5)0.48 (0.21-1.11)11 (8)0.79 (0.41-1.51)
        Yes144 (10)65 (8)0.72 (0.53-0.98)†6 (5)0.43 (0.19-1.00)†15 (10)0.95 (0.54-1.67)
        P value for difference across medication categories0.270.850.66
    Lobular carcinoma
    Controls (n = 1,474)
    ER+/PR+ (n = 560)
    ER+/PR− (n = 110)
    n (%)
    n (%)
    OR* (95% CI)
    n (%)
    OR* (95% CI)
    Never diagnosed with migraine1,202 (82)481 (86)1.00 (reference)92 (84)1.00 (reference)
    Ever diagnosed with migraine272 (19)78 (14)0.63 (0.47-0.85)†18 (16)0.80 (0.47-1.36)
    Age at migraine diagnosis (y)
        <2073 (5)19 (4)0.59 (0.34-1.03)3 (3)0.50 (0.15-1.65)
        20-39110 (8)34 (7)0.73 (0.47-1.13)6 (6)0.70 (0.30-1.66)
        ≥4089 (6)23 (5)0.50 (0.30-0.82)†9 (8)1.10 (0.53-2.29)
        P value for difference across age categories0.600.20
    Ever use of prescription migraine medications
        No127 (5)35 (6)0.57 (0.38-0.86)†10 (9)0.91 (0.46-1.81)
        Yes144 (10)42 (8)0.68 (0.46-1.00)8 (7)0.70 (0.33-1.49)
        P value for difference across medication categories0.530.60
    • ↵* ORs adjusted for age and reference year.

    • ↵† P < 0.05.

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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 17 (11)
November 2008
Volume 17, Issue 11
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Migraine in Postmenopausal Women and the Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer
Robert W. Mathes, Kathleen E. Malone, Janet R. Daling, Scott Davis, Sylvia M. Lucas, Peggy L. Porter and Christopher I. Li
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev November 1 2008 (17) (11) 3116-3122; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0527

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Migraine in Postmenopausal Women and the Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer
Robert W. Mathes, Kathleen E. Malone, Janet R. Daling, Scott Davis, Sylvia M. Lucas, Peggy L. Porter and Christopher I. Li
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev November 1 2008 (17) (11) 3116-3122; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0527
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