Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Demographic profile of bladder cancer survivors (N = 525)
Demographic variable Mean ± SD or % Age (N = 525), y 70.2 ± 11.2 <65 30.9 ≥65 69.1 Sex (N = 525) Male 74.7 Female 25.3 Marital status (N = 525) Married/common law 79.8 Divorced/separated 6.1 Widowed 11.8 Never married 2.3 Education (N = 525) Some elementary school 5.5 Completed elementary school 8.2 Some high school 27.8 Completed high school 24.0 Some university/college 14.3 Completed university/college 16.2 Some graduate school 1.1 Completed graduate school 2.9 Annual family income (data missing: N = 424), US$ <20,000 13.7 20,000-39,000 36.3 40,000-59,000 21.7 60,000-79,999 12.5 80,000-99,999 5.9 >100,000 9.9 Employment status (N = 525) Retired 70.9 Disability 4.4 Employed full/part-time 23.2 Temporarily unemployed 1.5 Ethnicity (N = 525) Caucasian 98.1 Native/Metis 1.3 Asian 0.6 Smoking status (N = 525) Never smoked 23.4 Ex smoker 59.2 Occasional smoker 6.8 Regular smoker 10.6 - Table 2.
Medical profile of bladder cancer survivors (N = 525)
Medical variable Mean ± SD or % Body mass index (N = 525) 27.3 ± 4.1 <25.0 4.6 25.0-29.9 56.2 30.0-34.9 14.5 ≥35.0 4.8 Months since diagnosis (N = 525) 72.4 ± 42.2 <60 48.6 ≥60 51.4 Tumor grade (N = 525) 1 22.3 2 38.5 3 14.9 4 11.0 Unknown 13.3 Degree of invasiveness (N = 525) Superficial 65.0 Invasive 35.0 Surgery (N = 525) Yes 97.9 No 2.1 Cystectomy (N = 525) Yes 20.2 No 79.8 Immunotherapy (N = 525) Yes 57.7 No 42.3 Chemotherapy (N = 525) Yes 11.8 No 88.2 Radiation (N = 525) Yes 6.7 No 93.3 Any adjuvant therapy (N = 525) Yes 64.8 No 35.2 Ostomy appliance (N = 525) Yes 11.8 No 88.2 Recurrence (N = 525) Yes 37.9 No 62.1 Current status (N = 525) Cancer-free 89.5 Still has bladder cancer 10.5 - Table 3.
Exercise behavior and quality of life in bladder cancer survivors (N = 525)
Variable Mean ± SD Weekly exercise Pre-diagnosis (N = 525) Mild minutes 165.5 ± 288.5 Moderate minutes 64.5 ± 110.2 Strenuous minutes 25.1 ± 77.7 Strenuous plus moderate minutes 89.6 ± 145.7 % Meeting public health guidelines 27.8 Weekly exercise during adjuvant treatment (n = 340) Mild minutes 122.2 ± 221.3 Moderate minutes 32.7 ± 83.6 Strenuous minutes 9.4 ± 51.3 Strenuous plus moderate minutes 42.2 ± 101.8 % Meeting public health guidelines 17.4 Weekly exercise in the past month (N = 525) Mild minutes 162.7 ± 282.3 Moderate minutes 56.1 ± 108.6 Strenuous minutes 18.5 ± 68.4 Strenuous plus moderate minutes 74.5 ± 133.4 % Meeting public health guidelines 22.3 QoL (N = 525) FACT-Bl (0-152) 123.6 ± 19.2 FACT-G (0-108) 88.2 ± 14.5 TOI (0-104) 82.9 ± 14.2 PWB (0-28) 25.4 ± 4.1 FWB (0-28) 22.0 ± 5.9 EWB (0-24) 21.0 ± 3.6 SWB (0-28) 19.7 ± 5.2 Additional concerns (0-48) 35.5 ± 7.1 Urinary function (0-12) 9.7 ± 2.8 Bowel function (0-8) 6.9 ± 1.6 Sexual interest (0-4) 1.8 ± 1.4 Erectile dysfunction, n = 392 (0-4) 1.4 ± 1.4 Body image (0-4) 2.5 ± 1.2 Fatigue (N = 525) Most fatigue (0-10) 4.0 ± 2.8 Least fatigue (0-10) 2.0 ± 2.1 Average fatigue (0-10) 2.9 ± 2.4 Fatigue now (0-10) 2.4 ± 2.6 No. days (0-7) 2.8 ± 2.4 Time fatigued per day (0-10) 2.6 ± 2.5 Interference scale (0-10) 1.7 ± 2.0 - Table 4.
Exercise patterns of bladder cancer survivors across the cancer experience (n = 340)
Exercise pattern Major cancer-related time points n (%) Before During After 1. Maintainers Active Active Active 42 (12) 2. Active Active Inactive 7 (2) 3. Temporary relapsers Active Inactive Active 15 (4) 4. Permanent relapsers Active Inactive Inactive 30 (9) 5. Inactive Active Active 10 (3) 6. Inactive Active Inactive 0 (0) 7. Inactive Inactive Active 6 (2) 8. Nonexercisers Inactive Inactive Inactive 230 (68) Total 340 (100) - Table 5.
Differences in quality of life in bladder cancer survivors based on exercise category in the past month
QoL variable CS (n = 324), mean ± SD IA (n = 86), mean ± SD MG (n = 115), mean ± SD Between-group comparisons: mean difference (95% CI), P IA vs CS MG vs IA MG vs CS FACT-Bl (0-152) 121.2 ± 20.4 125.8 ± 15.2 128.8 ± 17.5 4.6 (0.1, 9.1), 0.046 3.0 (−2.3, 8.3), 0.266 7.6 (3.6, 11.7), <001 Adjusted 121.7 124.8 128.2 3.1 (−1.4, 7.6), 0.178 3.4 (−1.7, 8.6), 0.193 6.5 (2.5, 10.5), 0.001 FACT-G (0-108) 86.5 ± 15.1 90.0 ± 11.9 91.6 ± 13.7 3.5 (0.1, 6.9), 0.043 1.6 (−2.5, 5.6), 0.447 5.1 (2.0, 8.1), 001 Adjusted 86.7 89.4 91.3 2.7 (−0.7, 6.1), 0.115 1.9 (−2.0, 5.7), 0.352 4.6 (1.5, 7.6), 0.003 TOI (0-104) 81.0 ± 15.3 84.8 ± 11.0 87.0 ± 12.3 3.9 (0.5, 7.2), 0.024 2.2 (−1.7, 6.1), 0.269 6.1 (3.1, 9.1), <001 Adjusted 81.4 83.9 86.4 2.4 (−0.9, 5.7), 0.150 2.5 (−1.3, 6.4), 0.192 5.0 (2.0, 7.9), 0.001 PWB (0-28) 25.0 ± 4.6 26.4 ± 2.4 26.1 ± 3.8 1.5 (0.5, 2.4), 0.004 −0.3 (−1.4, 0.9), 0.626 1.2 (0.3, 2.0), 0.009 Adjusted 25.0 26.2 26.0 1.2 (0.3, 2.2), 0.011 0.2 (−0.9, 1.3), 0.712 1.0 (0.2, 1.9), 0.018 FWB (0-28) 21.3 ± 6.3 22.6 ± 5.3 23.6 ± 4.9 1.3 (−0.1, 2.7), 0.065 1.0 (−0.6, 2.7), 0.214 2.3 (1.1, 3.6), <0.001 Adjusted 21.5 22.3 23.4 0.8 (−0.6, 2.2), 0.247 1.2 (−0.4, 2.8), 0.155 2.0 (0.7, 3.2), 0.002 EWB (0-24) 20.9 ± 3.8 20.9 ± 3.5 21.5 ± 3.1 0.0 (−0.8, 0.9), 0.939 0.6 (−0.3, 1.5), 0.213 0.6 (−0.2, 1.4), 134 Adjusted 20.9 21.0 21.4 0.1 (−0.7, 1.0), 0.742 0.3 (−0.6, 1.3), 0.499 0.5 (−0.3, 1.2), 0.214 SWB (0-28) 19.3 ± 5.4 19.9 ± 4.5 20.5 ± 4.9 0.6 (−0.6, 1.8), 0.352 0.5 (−0.9, 2.0), 0.471 1.1 (0.0, 2.2), 0.047 Adjusted 19.4 19.9 20.4 0.5 (−0.7, 1.8), 0.423 0.6 (−0.9, 2.0), 0.446 1.1 (−0.0, 2.3), 0.060 Additional concerns (0-48) 34.7 ± 7.3 35.8 ± 6.4 37.3 ± 7.1 1.1 (−0.6, 2.8), 0.206 1.5 (−0.5, 3.4), 0.148 2.6 (1.0, 4.1), 0.001 Adjusted 35.0 35.3 37.0 0.4 (−1.3, 2.1), 0.667 1.6 (−0.4, 3.5), 0.110 2.0 (0.5, 3.5), 0.011 Urinary (0-12) 9.6 ± 2.4 9.4 ± 2.4 9.8 ± 1.9 −0.2 (−0.7, 0.4), 0.541 0.4 (−0.2, 1.1), 0.199 0.3 (−0.2, 0.7), 0.315 Adjusted 9.6 9.4 9.8 −0.2 (−0.8, 0.3), 0.461 0.4 (−0.2, 1.1), 0.190 0.2 (−0.3, 0.8), 0.383 Bowel (0-8) 6.9 ± 1.5 6.9 ± 1.5 7.0 ± 1.5 0.0 (−0.3, 0.4), 0.918 0.1 (−0.4, 0.5), 0.799 0.1 (−0.3, 0.4), 0.653 Adjusted 6.9 6.9 7.0 0.0 (−0.3, 0.4), 0.884 0.1 (−0.4, 0.5), 0.761 0.0 (−0.3, 0.4), 0.817 Sex interest (0-4) 1.6 ± 1.3 2.0 ± 1.3 2.2 ± 1.3 0.4 (0.1, 0.7), 0.013 0.3 (−0.1, 0.7), 0.143 0.7 (0.4, 1.0), <0.001 Adjusted 1.6 1.8 2.1 0.2 (−0.1, 0.5), 0.289 0.3 (0.0, 0.7), 0.071 0.5 (0.2, 0.8), <0.001 Erectile dysfunction (0-4) 1.2 ± 1.3 1.4 ± 1.4 1.8 ± 1.4 0.2 (−0.2, 0.6), 0.250 0.4 (−0.1, 0.8), 0.088 0.6 (0.3, 0.9), <0.001 Adjusted 1.3 1.2 1.7 −0.1 (−0.4, 0.2), 0.583 0.5 (0.1, 0.9), 0.010 0.4 (0.1, 0.7), 0.006 Body image (0-4) 2.3 ± 1.3 2.6 ± 1.1 2.8 ± 0.9 0.3 (0.0, 0.5), 0.036 0.3 (−0.1, 0.6), 0.124 0.5 (0.3, 0.8), <0.001 Adjusted 2.3 2.6 2.8 0.3 (0.0, 0.6), 0.036 0.3 (−0.1, 0.6), 0.122 0.6 (0.3, 0.8), <0.001 Abbreviations: 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; CS, completely sedentary; IA, insufficiently active; MG, meeting guidelines.
- Table 6.
Fatigue differences in bladder cancer survivors based on exercise category in the past month
Fatigue variable CS (n = 324), mean ± SD IA (n = 84), mean ± SD MG (n = 117), mean ± SD Between-group comparisons: mean difference (95% CI), P IA vs CS MG vs IA MG vs CS Most fatigue (0-10) 4.0 ± 2.9 4.5 ± 2.7 3.6 ± 2.7 0.5 (−0.2, 1.1), 0.163 −0.9 (−1.7, −0.1), 0.027 −0.4 (−1.0, 0.2), 0.180 Adjusted 4.0 4.5 3.6 0.5 (−0.2, 1.2), 0.157 −0.9 (−1.7, −0.1), 0.021 −0.4 (−1.0, 0.2), 0.165 Least fatigue (0-10) 2.2 ± 2.2 2.0 ± 2.0 1.5 ± 1.8 −0.3 (−0.8, 0.3), 0.309 −0.4 (−1.0, 0.2), 0.163 −0.7 (−1.1, −0.2), 0.003 Adjusted 2.1 2.1 1.6 0.0 (−0.5, 0.5), 0.850 −0.5 (−1.0, 0.1), 0.125 −0.5 (−0.9, −0.1), 0.029 Average fatigue (0-10) 3.0 ± 2.4 3.2 ± 2.3 2.4 ± 2.1 0.2 (−0.3, 0.8), 0.442 −0.8 (−1.5, −0.2), 0.012 −0.6 (−1.1, −0.1), 0.014 Adjusted 3.0 3.3 2.5 0.4 (−0.2, 0.9), 0.201 −0.9 (−1.5, −0.2), 0.008 −0.5 (−1.0, 0.0), 0.047 Fatigue now (0-10) 2.6 ± 2.7 2.7 ± 2.5 1.9 ± 2.3 0.1 (−0.5, 0.7), 0.775 −0.8 (−1.5, −0.1), 0.026 −0.7 (−1.3, −0.2), 0.009 Adjusted 2.5 2.8 1.9 0.2 (−0.4, 0.8), 0.502 −0.9 (−1.6, −0.1), 0.018 −0.7 (−1.2, −0.1), 0.022 Days fatigued (0-7) 2.9 ± 2.5 2.7 ± 2.1 2.5 ± 2.3 −0.3 (−0.8, 0.3), 0.378 −0.2 (−0.9, 0.5), 0.561 −0.5 (−1.0, 0.1), 0.081 Adjusted 2.9 2.7 2.5 −0.1 (−0.7, 0.4), 0.671 −0.2 (−0.9, 0.4), 0.475 −0.4 (−0.9, 0.1), 0.163 Time fatigued/day (0-10) 2.8 ± 2.7 2.4 ± 1.8 2.1 ± 2.0 −0.4 (−1.0, 0.2), 0.155 −0.3 (−1.0, 0.4), 0.446 −0.7 (−1.2, −0.2), 0.010 Adjusted 2.8 2.5 2.2 −0.2 (−0.8, 0.4), 0.406 −0.3 (−1.0, 0.4), 0.350 −0.6 (−1.1, 0.0), 0.033 Interference (0-10) 1.8 ± 2.2 1.5 ± 1.7 1.3 ± 1.7 −0.3 (−0.8, 0.2), 0.252 −0.2 (−0.8, 0.3), 0.398 −0.5 (−0.9, 0.1), 0.017 Adjusted 1.8 1.6 1.3 −0.2 (−0.7, 0.3), 0.422 −0.3 (−0.8, 0.3), 0.305 −0.5 (−0.9, −0.1), 0.027
May 2007
Volume 16, Issue 5
Volume 16, Issue 5
Associations between Exercise and Quality of Life in Bladder Cancer Survivors: A Population-Based Study
Jump to section
Advertisement