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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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CEBP Focus: Update on Lymphoma

Sun Exposure and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Bruce K. Armstrong and Anne Kricker
Bruce K. Armstrong
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Anne Kricker
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-1068 Published March 2007
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    Figure 1.

    Age-standardized (to World population) incidence of NHL plotted against latitude in 53 populations of mainly European origin (incidence data from ref. 26). Cancer registry populations included are Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan), United States (Los Angeles non-Hispanic White, San Francisco White, Connecticut White, Atlanta White, Hawaii White, Iowa, New Orleans White, Detroit White, New Mexico, Utah, Seattle), Northern Europe (Denmark, Finland, Germany Saarland, Norway, Sweden; Switzerland: Basel, Geneva, St Gall-Appenzell, Vaud, Zurich; The Netherlands Eindhoven; England: Mersey, North Western, Oxford, South Thames, West Midlands, Yorkshire; Scotland), Southern Europe (France; Bas-Rhin, Isere; Italy: Florence, Parma, Torino, Varese; Spain Zaragoza), Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Australian Capital Territory), and New Zealand.

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  • Table 1.

    Sun sensitivity characteristics and NHL in the NSW, SCALE and NCI-SEER case-control studies (3, 18)

    Sun sensitivity characteristics*OR (95% CI) for highest exposure category
    NSWSCALENCI-SEER
    Blue or gray eyes1.02 (0.79-1.31)
    Blue, gray, green, or “mix” eyes†1.2 (1.1-1.4)0.54 (0.41-0.71)
    Blonde, fair, or red hair0.89 (0.67-1.17)—
    Blond or red hair1.0 (0.8-1.1)
    Very fair skin1.44 (1.01-2.07)—
    Light complexion0.75 (0.41-1.40)
    Severe burn with blisters on acute sun exposure1.53 (0.95-2.45)1.36 (0.63-2.94)
    Always burns on acute sun exposure1.0 (0.9-1.2)
    No tan or freckles only on repeated sun exposure1.70 (1.06-2.71)——
    Heavy facial freckling as a child1.19 (0.88-1.60)——
    • ↵* Reference categories in order from top to bottom were - NSW: brown, dark brown, brown or olive, very brown, none; SCALE: brown or black, dark brown or black, seldom burns; NCI-SEER: dark brown, dark, no change; OR for "tan no sunburn" on acute exposure in NCI-SEER was 1.06 (0.53-2.14).

    • ↵† This describes the SCALE category; NCI-SEER OR is for combination of blue and blue-green.

  • Table 2.

    Sun exposure and NHL in the NSW and SCALE case-control studies (3, 18)

    Sun exposureExposure categories, OR (95% CI): NSW study
    Ptrend
    1st quarter2nd quarter3rd quarter4th quarter
    Total exposure10.72 (0.53-0.98)0.66 (0.48-0.91)0.65 (0.46-0.91)0.01
    Nonworking days exposure10.83 (0.61-1.11)0.57 (0.42-0.79)0.47 (0.34-0.66)0.0001
    Working days exposure10.98 (0.73-1.33)0.91 (0.66-1.25)0.95 (0.68-1.33)0.68
    Vacation exposure in warmer months*10.78 (0.57-1.05)0.81 (0.59-1.10)0.65 (0.47-0.91)0.02
    Sun exposure
    Exposure categories, OR (95% CI)
    Ptrend
    SCALE study
    Never<1/wk2-3/wk≥4/wk
    Sunbathing at age 2010.8 (0.7-0.9)0.7 (0.6-0.9)0.7 (0.6-0.9)0.001
    Never1-56-20>20
    Sunny vacations abroad11.0 (0.9-1.1)0.9 (0.8-1.0)0.7 (0.6-0.8)<0.001
    Never<1/y1/y≥2/y
    Sunburns at age 2011.0 (0.9-1.2)0.8 (0.7-0.9)0.6 (0.5-0.8)<0.001
    NCI-SEER study
    <77-1314-27≥28
    Hours per week in the midday sun in the last 10 y†10.85 (0.62-1.18)0.75 (0.54-1.05)0.73 (0.46-1.15)0.07
    None12-4≥5
    History of blistering sunburns10.87 (0.62-1.23)1.02 (0.72-1.46)0.68 (0.47-0.97)0.10
    • ↵* Pattern for vacations in cooler months was similar but more consistently downwards and with a smaller P.

    • ↵† Results were also presented for hours per week in the midday sun during teens, during twenties, and during thirties. The results were similar with ORs trending down to 0.75, 0.75, and 0.78 with ≥28 h of exposure, and Ps are somewhat higher.

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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 16 (3)
March 2007
Volume 16, Issue 3
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Sun Exposure and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Bruce K. Armstrong and Anne Kricker
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev March 1 2007 (16) (3) 396-400; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-1068

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Sun Exposure and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Bruce K. Armstrong and Anne Kricker
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev March 1 2007 (16) (3) 396-400; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-1068
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