Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of ovarian cancer cases and matched controls
Premenopausal women Postmenopausal women Cases (n = 56) Controls (n = 109) pdiff* Cases (n = 136) Controls (n = 237) pdiff* Age at blood donation (y) 46.1 (36.1-54.1) 45.8 (37.4-53.0) 60.9 (51.9-70.6) 60.9 (52.1-71.5) Age at diagnosis (y) 48.9 (39.0-60.0) — — 63.8 (54.0-74.0) — — Time since blood donation (y) 3.3 (0.2-7.6) — — 3.4 (0.6-7.6) — — Height (cm) 161.1 (152.0-172.0) 161.0 (151.5-172.0) 0.87 159.4 (148.5-169.5) 160.5 (149.0-171.5) 0.03 Weight (kg) 68.6 (50.5-95.0) 64.3 (50.0-85.3) 0.02 70.9 (52.3-94.0) 70.2 (53.0-93.0) 0.67 BMI 26.5 (20.7-35.8) 24.8 (19.2-33.4) 0.02 27.9 (21.8-35.9) 27.3 (20.2-37.2) 0.18 Waist (cm) 82.0 (68.0-102.0) 79.1 (66.0-96.0) 0.08 86.5 (69.0-106.0) 86.3 (70.0-108.3) 0.70 Waist-to-hip ratio 0.80 (0.70-0.95) 0.79 (0.71-0.91) 0.19 0.81 (0.72-0.92) 0.83 (0.71-0.95) 0.10 Age at menarche (y) 12.5 (11.0-15.0) 12.8 (11.0-16.0) 0.21 13.7 (11.0-17.0) 13.4 (11.0-16.0) 0.13 Parous 76.8 90.8 0.01† 81.6 86.1 0.21† Age at first full-term pregnancy (y) 25.3 (20.0-32.0) 25.2 (20.0-31.0) 0.97 25.4 (19.0-32.0) 24.8 (18.0-32.0) 0.08 No. full-term pregnancy 1.9 (1.0-3.0) 2.1 (1.0-4.0) 0.18 2.3 (1.0-5.0) 2.5 (1.0-5.0) 0.07 Previous OC use 58.9 63.3 0.53† 28.7 32.9 0.35† OC use duration (y) 4.4 (1.0-15.0) 5.9 (1.0-30.0) 0.14 5.9 (1.0-30.0) 9.5 (1.0-30.0) 0.11 Previous HRT use — — — 21.3 21.1 0.94† Age at menopause (y) — — — 50.1 (43.0-56.0) 49.4 (40.0-56.0) 0.17 Smoking status Never 57.1 51.4 0.76† 59.6 62.5 0.49† Former 21.4 25.7 22.1 16.9 Current 21.4 22.9 18.4 19.8 Ever had fertility problems 5.4 4.6 0.78† 0.7 2.1 0.34† Ever breast-feeding 62.5 68.8 0.30† 74.3 73.0 0.86† - Table 2.
Geometric means (and 95% confidence interval) of steroid hormones and SHBG for ovarian cancer case and control subjects by menopausal status at time of blood donation
Hormone Premenopausal women Postmenopausal women Case subjects (n = 56) Control subjects (n = 109) pdiff* Case subjects (n = 136) Control subjects (n = 237) pdiff* T (nmol/L) 1.47 (1.30-1.66) 1.40 (1.28-1.53) 0.47 1.16 (1.06-1.26) 1.20 (1.13-1.29) 0.41 fT (pmol/L) 20.1 (17.1-23.7) 18.2 (16.2-20.4) 0.15 16.2 (14.5-18.1) 17.4 (15.9-18.9) 0.27 Δ4 (nmol/L) 5.17 (4.66-5.75) 4.99 (4.63-5.39) 0.55 3.13 (2.90-3.37) 3.34 (3.16-3.54) 0.19 DHEAS (μmol/L) 3.26 (2.84-3.73) 2.91 (2.64-3.21) 0.23 1.78 (1.58-2.00) 1.84 (1.68-2.01) 0.82 SHBG (nmol/L) 46.6 (41.0-53.1) 49.9 (45.4-54.8) 0.41 42.2 (38.6-46.3) 42.6 (39.7-45.6) 0.95 ↵* Paired t test.
- Table 3.
ORs of ovarian cancer (95% confidence intervals) by levels of sex steroids and SHBG in premenopausal women and their matched controls (in two exposure levels)
Hormone concentration Low High Passociation Ptrend* T <1.42 nmol/L ≥1.42 nmol/L Cases/controls 23/48 29/49 Crude† 1.00 1.27 (0.60-2.69) 0.53 0.46 Adjusted‡ 1.00 1.24 (0.57-2.71) 0.59 0.78 Adjusted§ 1.00 1.19 (0.52-2.74) 0.68 0.97 fT <18.5 pmol/L ≥18.5 pmol/L Cases/controls 22/46 28/46 Crude† 1.00 1.42 (0.66-3.05) 0.37 0.14 Adjusted‡ 1.00 1.17 (0.53-2.58) 0.71 0.48 Adjusted§ 1.00 1.27 (0.56-2.89) 0.57 0.51 Δ4 <4.90 nmol/L ≥4.90 nmol/L Cases/controls 26/52 28/52 Crude† 1.00 1.11 (0.55-2.24) 0.77 0.55 Adjusted‡ 1.00 1.16 (0.56-2.41) 0.69 0.45 Adjusted§ 1.00 1.06 (0.49-2.30) 0.87 0.63 DHEAS <3.09 μmol/L ≥3.09 μmol/L Cases/controls 25/54 31/55 Crude† 1.00 1.26 (0.63-2.51) 0.52 0.20 Adjusted‡ 1.00 1.22 (0.59-2.50) 0.59 0.16 Adjusted§ 1.00 1.20 (0.58-2.46) 0.63 0.29 SHBG <50.6 nmol/L ≥50.6 nmol/L Cases/controls 31/51 23/51 Crude† 1.00 0.71 (0.36-1.41) 0.33 0.29 Adjusted‡ 1.00 0.95 (0.45-2.01) 0.89 0.84 Adjusted§ 1.00 0.97 (0.45-2.08) 0.93 0.77 ↵* Linear trend on continuous (log transformed) variable.
↵† Analysis matched on EPIC recruitment center, age at blood donation, phase of menstrual cycle, time of the day at blood donation, and fasting status.
↵‡ Further adjustment for BMI.
↵§ Further adjustment for ever having had a full-term pregnancy.
- Table 4.
ORs of ovarian cancer (95% confidence intervals) by tertiles of sex steroids and SHBG in postmenopausal women and their matched controls
Tertiles Ptrend* Ptrend† 1 2 3 T <1.01 nmol/L 1.01-1.45 nmol/L ≥1.46 nmol/L Cases/controls 41/67 51/68 33/68 Crude‡ 1.00 1.15 (0.67-1.98) 0.71 (0.37-1.36) 0.34 0.33 Adjusted§ 1.00 1.13 (0.65-1.94) 0.68 (0.35-1.31) 0.29 0.25 Adjusted∥ 1.00 1.12 (0.65-1.93) 0.69 (0.36-1.34) 0.31 0.23 fT <14.3 pmol/L 14.3-23.6 pmol/L ≥23.7 pmol/L Cases/controls 54/61 32/61 32/64 Crude‡ 1.00 0.63 (0.37-1.08) 0.54 (0.29-0.98) 0.03 0.19 Adjusted§ 1.00 0.59 (0.34-1.02) 0.45 (0.23-0.85) 0.01 0.08 Adjusted∥ 1.00 0.60 (0.35-1.04) 0.45 (0.24-0.86) 0.01 0.07 Δ4 <2.74 nmol/L 2.74-3.85 nmol/L ≥3.86 nmol/L Cases/controls 46/73 47/73 35/76 Crude‡ 1.00 0.99 (0.60-1.65) 0.65 (0.37-1.14) 0.15 0.14 Adjusted§ 1.00 1.00 (0.60-1.66) 0.66 (0.38-1.18) 0.18 0.15 Adjusted∥ 1.00 1.06 (0.63-1.79) 0.67 (0.38-1.20) 0.20 0.19 DHEAS <1.52 μmol/L 1.52-2.58 μmol/L ≥2.59 μmol/L Cases/controls 51/77 40/76 43/79 Crude‡ 1.00 0.80 (0.47-1.37) 0.81 (0.47-1.37) 0.42 0.65 Adjusted§ 1.00 0.81 (0.47-1.39) 0.82 (0.48-1.40) 0.46 0.71 Adjusted∥ 1.00 0.82 (0.48-1.40) 0.83 (0.49-1.41) 0.48 0.74 SHBG <36.3 nmol/L 36.3-52.0 nmol/L ≥52.1 nmol/L Cases/controls 50/70 35/72 44/73 Crude‡ 1.00 0.70 (0.41-1.18) 0.84 (0.49-1.44) 0.49 0.94 Adjusted§ 1.00 0.72 (0.41-1.25) 0.89 (0.48-1.62) 0.67 0.65 Adjusted∥ 1.00 0.73 (0.42-1.27) 0.89 (0.49-1.63) 0.69 0.63 ↵* Linear trends in ORs over the tertiles by scoring the categories according to the quantitative score 1, 2, and 3 for tertile categories.
↵† Linear trend on continuous (log transformed) variable.
↵‡ Analysis matched on EPIC recruitment center, age at blood donation, time of the day at blood donation, and fasting status.
↵§ Further adjustment for BMI.
↵∥ Further adjustment for ever having had a full-term pregnancy.
Volume 16, Issue 1
