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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Research Articles

Smoking and Overweight: Negative Prognostic Factors in Stage III Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Anette Kjærbye-Thygesen, Kirsten Frederiksen, Estrid V. Høgdall, Eva Glud, Lise Christensen, Claus K. Høgdall, Jan Blaakær and Susanne K. Kjær
Anette Kjærbye-Thygesen
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Kirsten Frederiksen
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Estrid V. Høgdall
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Eva Glud
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Lise Christensen
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Claus K. Høgdall
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Jan Blaakær
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Susanne K. Kjær
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0897 Published April 2006
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Abstract

Objective: Smoking and overweight are associated with poorer prognosis in several cancer types. The prognostic effect of smoking and body mass index (BMI) on ovarian cancer is unknown.

Methods: Ovarian cancer cases were from the Danish MALOVA (MALignant OVArian cancer) study. Information on smoking status and BMI was obtained from a personal interview conducted closely after primary surgery. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for ovarian cancer–specific death in relation to smoking variables and BMI.

Results: A total of 295 women with stage III epithelial ovarian cancer were identified and followed to death or for a median of 7.3 years (range, 5.4-9.5 years). Median survival time for normal-weight never smokers was 2.8 years (95% CI, 2.3-3.2) compared with 1.2 years (95% CI, 0.8-2.3) for overweight current smokers. Current smokers had a significantly increased risk of ovarian cancer death compared with never smokers in multivariate Cox analysis (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.22-2.24). The negative effect of smoking diminished with increasing time since a former smoker had stopped smoking (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.98 per 5 years since stop of smoking). Overweight women also had an increased risk of ovarian cancer death (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.38-2.42) compared with normal-weight women.

Conclusion: Smoking at the time of diagnosis and premorbid overweight were negative prognostic factors for ovarian cancer–specific survival. The negative effect of smoking decreased with increasing time since stop of smoking. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(4):798–803)

  • Smoking
  • BMI
  • overweight
  • prognosis
  • ovarian cancer survival

Footnotes

  • Grant support: Meta and Håkon Bagger's Foundation, Erland Richard Frederiksen and Wife Foundation, Inge and Jørgen Larsen's Foundation, Bank Manager Hans Stener and Wife Agnes Stener's Foundation, and Hans and Nora Buchard Foundation.

  • The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

    • Accepted February 3, 2006.
    • Received November 28, 2005.
    • Revision received January 10, 2006.
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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 15 (4)
April 2006
Volume 15, Issue 4
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Smoking and Overweight: Negative Prognostic Factors in Stage III Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Anette Kjærbye-Thygesen, Kirsten Frederiksen, Estrid V. Høgdall, Eva Glud, Lise Christensen, Claus K. Høgdall, Jan Blaakær and Susanne K. Kjær
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev April 1 2006 (15) (4) 798-803; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0897

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Smoking and Overweight: Negative Prognostic Factors in Stage III Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Anette Kjærbye-Thygesen, Kirsten Frederiksen, Estrid V. Høgdall, Eva Glud, Lise Christensen, Claus K. Høgdall, Jan Blaakær and Susanne K. Kjær
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev April 1 2006 (15) (4) 798-803; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0897
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