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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Hypothesis/Commentary

Diet, Cancer, and the Lipidome

Philippe Bougnoux, Bruno Giraudeau and Charles Couet
Philippe Bougnoux
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Bruno Giraudeau
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Charles Couet
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0546 Published March 2006
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Abstract

The potential for dietary fat to interfere with the development of breast cancer by delaying its occurrence makes the identification of defined molecules a mandatory step in cancer prevention. In order to circumvent the limitations and/or bias of dietary exposure assessment tools, biomarkers of past lipid intake such as the fatty acid composition of white adipose tissue have been used. When considered separately, candidate fatty acids identified as favorable on the basis of their association with breast cancer risk have usually led to inconsistent results in animal intervention studies. This inconsistency indicates that any approach based on a single fatty acid should be abandoned for an integrated view over the complex lipid interactions which finally determines the lipidome, the lipid profile that is found in individuals. This article presents a reappraisal of the role of the lipid profile through a comprehensive reanalysis of adipose tissue fatty acid composition obtained in patients with benign or malignant breast tumors as well as in experimental animals during dietary interventions. Rather than a single fatty acid, a composite indicator combining elevated monounsaturates and low ω6/ω3 fatty acid ratio was associated with breast cancer protection. This lipidome may become the template for identifying breast cancer risk related to diet, and for designing proper dietary modifications to delay the occurrence of breast cancer, although the universality of the findings cannot be assessed from a single study. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(3):416–21)

Footnotes

  • The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

    • Accepted January 18, 2006.
    • Received July 21, 2005.
    • Revision received December 26, 2005.
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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 15 (3)
March 2006
Volume 15, Issue 3
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Diet, Cancer, and the Lipidome
Philippe Bougnoux, Bruno Giraudeau and Charles Couet
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev March 1 2006 (15) (3) 416-421; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0546

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Diet, Cancer, and the Lipidome
Philippe Bougnoux, Bruno Giraudeau and Charles Couet
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev March 1 2006 (15) (3) 416-421; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0546
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Lessons Learned from the Use of Biological Markers of Dietary Exposure
    • Intervention Studies Targeted on Single Fatty Acids: a Repeated Failure
    • Breast Cancer Risk Varies Depending on the WAT Fatty Acid Level Considered
    • WAT Fatty Acid Levels are not Independent Variables
    • Simplifying through Principal Component Analysis
    • The Lipidome as a New Insight into the Link Between Diet and Breast Cancer
    • Failure of Dietary Interventions Targeted on a Single Fatty Acid in Favorably Modifying the Lipidome in Rats
    • Conclusions and Future Prospects
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • References
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