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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Malignant Lymphomas in Autoimmunity and Inflammation: A Review of Risks, Risk Factors, and Lymphoma Characteristics

Karin Ekström Smedby, Eva Baecklund and Johan Askling
Karin Ekström Smedby
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Eva Baecklund
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Johan Askling
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0300 Published November 2006
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Abstract

Certain autoimmune and chronic inflammatory conditions, such as Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have consistently been associated with an increased risk of malignant lymphomas, but it is unclear whether elevated lymphoma risk is a phenomenon that accompanies inflammatory conditions in general. Likewise, it is debated whether the increased risk identified in association with some disorders pertains equally to all individuals or whether it varies among groups of patients with different phenotypic or treatment-related characteristics. It is similarly unclear to what extent the increased lymphoma occurrence is mediated through specific lymphoma subtypes. This update reviews the many findings on risks, risk levels, and lymphoma characteristics that have been presented recently in relation to a broad range of chronic inflammatory, including autoimmune, conditions. Recent results clearly indicate an association between severity of chronic inflammation and lymphoma risk in RA and Sjögren's syndrome. Thus, the average risk of lymphoma in RA may be composed of a markedly increased risk in those with most severe disease and little or no increase in those with mild or moderate disease. The roles of immunosuppressive therapy and EBV infection seem to be limited. Furthermore, RA, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and possibly celiac disease may share an association with risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, in addition to well-established links of Sjögren's syndrome with risk of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and of celiac disease with risk of small intestinal lymphoma. However, there is also obvious heterogeneity in risk and risk mediators among different inflammatory diseases. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(11):2069–77)

  • lymphoma
  • autoimmunity
  • chronic inflammation
  • risk
  • inflammatory activity

Footnotes

  • The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

    • Accepted September 6, 2006.
    • Received April 17, 2006.
    • Revision received August 23, 2006.
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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 15 (11)
November 2006
Volume 15, Issue 11
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Malignant Lymphomas in Autoimmunity and Inflammation: A Review of Risks, Risk Factors, and Lymphoma Characteristics
Karin Ekström Smedby, Eva Baecklund and Johan Askling
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev November 1 2006 (15) (11) 2069-2077; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0300

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Malignant Lymphomas in Autoimmunity and Inflammation: A Review of Risks, Risk Factors, and Lymphoma Characteristics
Karin Ekström Smedby, Eva Baecklund and Johan Askling
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev November 1 2006 (15) (11) 2069-2077; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0300
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