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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Uptake of the Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-Butanone by Moldovan Children

Irina Stepanov, Stephen S. Hecht, Gheorghe Duca and Igor Mardari
Irina Stepanov
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Stephen S. Hecht
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Gheorghe Duca
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Igor Mardari
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0293 Published January 2006
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    Figure 1.

    Structures of NNK, NNAL, NNAL-O-Gluc, and NNAL-N-Gluc.

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    Figure 2.

    Distribution of total cotinine levels in the urine of 80 Moldovan children.

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    Figure 3.

    A typical gas chromatogram obtained upon analysis, using nitrosamine-selective detection, of total NNAL in the urine of a Moldovan child.

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    Figure 4.

    Metabolites of tobacco smoke constituents in the urine of Moldovan children: (A) total cotinine and (B) total NNAL. Boxes, 25th and 75th percentiles; lines outside boxes, 10th and 90th percentiles; dots, outliers.

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    Figure 5.

    Total cotinine levels in the urine of children whose parents reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Reference numbers are given in parentheses: a, low-income 6-year-olds; b, inner-city children; c, elementary school-aged children.

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    Figure 6.

    Relationship between levels of total cotinine and total NNAL in the urine of 80 Moldovan children.

Tables

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  • Table 1.

    Total cotinine and total NNAL in the urine of Moldovan children with different reported exposures

    GroupNo. children
    Mean ± SD
    In the groupCotinine detectedNNAL detectedCotinine, ng/mL*NNAL, pmol/mL
    All80776916 ± 200.09 ± 0.077
    No exposure reported2220157.5 ± 7.00.049 ± 0.016
    Exposure reported58575419 ± 220.1 ± 0.083
        At home7664.6 ± 5.80.061 ± 0.036
        Other†20202011 ± 7.90.073 ± 0.031
        Both31312827 ± 280.13 ± 0.1
    • ↵* To convert ng to nmol, divide by 176.

    • ↵† Exposure in enclosed facilities, outdoors, or indoors other than the child’s home.

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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 15 (1)
January 2006
Volume 15, Issue 1
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Uptake of the Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-Butanone by Moldovan Children
Irina Stepanov, Stephen S. Hecht, Gheorghe Duca and Igor Mardari
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev January 1 2006 (15) (1) 7-11; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0293

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Uptake of the Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-Butanone by Moldovan Children
Irina Stepanov, Stephen S. Hecht, Gheorghe Duca and Igor Mardari
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev January 1 2006 (15) (1) 7-11; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0293
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