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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Research Articles

Similar Uptake of Lung Carcinogens by Smokers of Regular, Light, and Ultralight Cigarettes

Stephen S. Hecht, Sharon E. Murphy, Steven G. Carmella, Shelby Li, Joni Jensen, Chap Le, Anne M. Joseph and Dorothy K. Hatsukami
Stephen S. Hecht
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Sharon E. Murphy
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Steven G. Carmella
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Shelby Li
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Joni Jensen
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Chap Le
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Anne M. Joseph
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Dorothy K. Hatsukami
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0542 Published March 2005
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This article has a correction. Please see:

  • - August 8, 2006

Abstract

Cigarette design has changed markedly over the past 60 years and sales-weighed levels of tar and nicotine have decreased. Currently, cigarettes are classified as regular (>14.5 mg tar), light (>6.5-14.5 mg tar), and ultralight (≤6.5 mg tar), based on a Federal Trade Commission–specified machine-smoking protocol. Epidemiologic studies suggest that there is no difference in lung cancer risk among people who smoke light or ultralight cigarettes compared with regular cigarettes, but the uptake of lung carcinogens in smokers of these types of cigarettes has never been reported. We recruited 175 smokers, who filled out a tobacco use questionnaire in which their current brand was identified as regular, light, or ultralight. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP), total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL plus its glucuronides) and total cotinine (cotinine plus its glucuronides). 1-HOP and total NNAL are biomarkers of uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, lung carcinogens in cigarette smoke. Total cotinine is a biomarker of nicotine uptake. There were no statistically significant differences in urinary levels of 1-HOP, total NNAL, and total cotinine in smokers of regular, light, and ultralight cigarettes, whether the results were expressed per mg urinary creatinine, per mL of urine, or per mg creatinine divided by cigarettes per day. Levels of machine measured tar were available for the cigarettes smoked by 149 of the subjects. There was no correlation between levels of tar and any of the biomarkers. These results indicate that lung carcinogen and nicotine uptake, as measured by urinary 1-HOP, total NNAL, and total cotinine is the same in smokers of regular, light, and ultralight cigarettes. The results are consistent with epidemiologic studies that show no difference in lung cancer risk in smokers of these cigarettes.

  • Lung Carcinogen Uptake
  • 1-hydroxypyrene
  • NNAL, NNAL-Glucs

Footnotes

  • Grant support: National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Cancer Institute, NIH grant DA-13333 and American Cancer Society research professor grant RP-00-138 (S.S. Hecht).

  • The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.

    • Accepted October 7, 2004.
    • Received July 19, 2004.
    • Revision received October 1, 2004.
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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 14 (3)
March 2005
Volume 14, Issue 3
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Similar Uptake of Lung Carcinogens by Smokers of Regular, Light, and Ultralight Cigarettes
Stephen S. Hecht, Sharon E. Murphy, Steven G. Carmella, Shelby Li, Joni Jensen, Chap Le, Anne M. Joseph and Dorothy K. Hatsukami
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev March 1 2005 (14) (3) 693-698; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0542

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Similar Uptake of Lung Carcinogens by Smokers of Regular, Light, and Ultralight Cigarettes
Stephen S. Hecht, Sharon E. Murphy, Steven G. Carmella, Shelby Li, Joni Jensen, Chap Le, Anne M. Joseph and Dorothy K. Hatsukami
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev March 1 2005 (14) (3) 693-698; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0542
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