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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Research Articles

Determinants of Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Concentrations in a Cohort of Singapore Men and Women

Nicole M. Probst-Hensch, Hao Wang, Victor H. H. Goh, Adeline Seow, Hin-Peng Lee and Mimi C. Yu
Nicole M. Probst-Hensch
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Hao Wang
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Victor H. H. Goh
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Adeline Seow
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Hin-Peng Lee
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Mimi C. Yu
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DOI:  Published August 2003
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Tables

  • Table 1

    Means of serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratio (IGF-I: IGFBP-3), by sex and age, Singapore Chinese Health Study

    SexAge (years)Number of subjectsIGF-I (ng/ml)IGFBP-3 (ng/ml)Molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3)*1000
    MenAlla3121443714140
    50–54771614047144
    55–641331443732141
    65–741021313425135
    P for linear trend by age0.00010.00010.13
    WomenAlla3261214143103
    50–54701304335108
    55–641631234153105
    65–7493112399597
    P for linear trend by age0.040.020.05
    P by sexa0.00010.00010.0001
    • a Adjusted for age at specimen collection as a continuous variable.

  • Table 2

    Age- and sex-adjusted means of serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3), by lifestyle and anthropometric variables, Singapore Chinese Health Study

    PredictorNumber of subjectsIGF-I (ng/ml)IGFBP-3 (ng/ml)Molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3)*1000
    BMI (kg/m2)
     Quartile
     1 <20.951591273800120
     2 <23.051581373935124
     3 <24.251611303899121
     4 ≥24.251601364080121
    P for linear trend0.250.0060.95
    Current cigarette smoking and alcohol intakea
     No/no4291343963122
     No/yes891273921115
     Yes/no791383875130
     Yes/yes411193694117
    P for alcohol effectb0.060.350.04
    P for smoking effectb0.960.140.11
    P for interactionc0.300.450.46
    Physical activity
     No weekly vigorous or strenous sports and ≥9 h of sitting/day941454068128
     Others5441313904120
     P for physical activity0.020.080.08
    Weekly intake of vitamin/mineral supplements
     No5891313915120
     Yes491524097132
     P for supplement intake0.010.140.04
    • a Combined effect of current cigarette smoking and current intake of at least 1 alcoholic drink/month.

    • b Ps for current smoking and alcohol intake, respectively, based on three-way analysis of covariance with current alcohol intake and smoking status as independent variables, and gender and age as covariates.

    • c P for interaction term, based on four-way analysis of covariance with current alcohol intake and smoking status, as well as their interaction terms as independent variables, and gender and age as covariates.

  • Table 3

    Adjusteda means of serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3), by reproductive historyb and hormonal variables, Singapore Chinese Health Study

    PredictorNumber of subjectsIGF-I (ng/ml)IGFBP-3 (ng/ml)Molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3)*1000
    Age at menarche
     <17 years2741284233107
     ≥17 years521123956100
     P0.060.040.21
    Age when periods became regular
     <17 years2561284254106
     ≥17 years601133912103
     Never became regular101163831102
     P for <17 yrs vs. ≥17 yrs0.060.0030.47
    Age at first birth
     Nulliparous201254174107
     ≤30 yrs2761244189104
     >30 yrs301384240116
     P for (nullip. or ≤30 yrs vs. >30 yrs)0.260.850.13
    Use of oral contraceptivesc
     Never2411284213108
     Ex, >25 years at start641374236114
     Ex, ≤25 years at start20113410998
     P0.090.690.09
    • a Adjusted for age, BMI, and physical activity.

    • b Women who reportedly stopped bleeding, but had undergone a hysterectomy without double oophorectomy and an age at specimen collection <55 years were assigned an undetermined menopausal status.

    • c Only a single woman reported current use of oral contraceptives. She was excluded from the analysis.

  • Table 4

    Partial Spearman correlation (r) between serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3) and serum markers adjusting for age, BMI, gender, and physical activity, Singapore Chinese Health Study

    Serum componentnIGF-I ng/mlIGFBP-3 ng/mlMolar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3)*1000
    r(p)r(p)r(p)
    Vitamin B63750.075(0.15)0.169(0.001)−0.010(0.86)
    Vitamin B12375−0.028(0.59)0.079(0.13)−0.09(0.10)
    Folate3750.011(0.83)0.074(0.15)0.018(0.73)
    Homocysteine3750.009(0.86)−0.016(0.76)0.002(0.97)
    Cholesterola1280.250(0.005)0.240(0.007)0.172(0.06)
    HDLa128−0.088(0.33)−0.047(0.60)−0.062(0.49)
    LDLa1280.209(0.02)0.221(0.01)0.110(0.23)
    Triacylglycerola1280.384(<0.0001)0.332(0.0002)0.314(0.0004)
    Total cholesterol/HDLa1280.241(0.007)0.219(0.02)0.156(0.08)
    • a Restricted to serum samples collected after at least 12 h of fasting.

  • Table 5

    Adjusteda regression coefficients based on regression of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3) on dietary nutrient densities, Singapore Chinese Health Study

    Nutrient densityIGF-I ng/mlIGFBP-3 ng/mlMolar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3)*1000
    βPβPβP
    Energy (kcal/day)b−5.7140.41−156.6700.14−1.7500.73
    Carbohydrates
     Model 1bc0.2060.47−0.6740.880.1600.44
     Model 2bd0.6470.35−1.5720.880.8080.11
    Protein
     Model 1bc0.2350.784.9850.710.3040.63
     Model 2bd1.8370.188.8980.671.7230.09
    Total fat
     Model 1bc−0.2420.51−0.2430.97−0.1120.68
     Model 2bd−0.0490.95−4.7350.700.5700.60
    Saturated fat
     Model 1bc−1.8960.03−27.1140.04−0.7700.23
     Model 3be−2.4010.16−71.7620.0070.2630.83
    Monounsaturated fat
     Model 1bc−0.8460.39−0.7930.96−0.5770.42
     Model 3be−0.9140.6946.7300.18−0.6510.70
    ω3-Polyunsaturated fat
     Model 1bc18.8180.10422.1710.028.5630.30
     Model 3be21.9370.18618.2240.014.1220.73
    ω6-Polyunsaturated fat
     Model 1bc1.7300.1332.6240.060.8690.29
     Model 3be0.4760.81−27.3080.351.5300.27
    Dietary fiber0.4690.5532.9690.006−0.1470.80
    Calcium from food and supplement0.0440.0070.7900.0020.0230.06
    Soy proteinf1.4980.4743.4610.170.7610.61
     Men6.5320.0259.5490.154.3900.05
     Women−3.4420.2632.2230.51−3.0050.14
    • a All models adjusted for age, BMI, gender, and physical activity.

    • b No statistically significant interaction was observed between nutrient density and gender.

    • c Model 1: unadjusted for other nutrient densities.

    • d Model 2: adjusted for other macronutrient densities.

    • e Model 3: adjusted for carbohydrate, protein, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, ω3-polyunsaturated fat, and ω6-polyunsaturated fat density.

    • f P for interaction between soy protein density and gender: 0.01 for IGF-I; 0.51 for IGFBP-3; 0.01 for molar ratio.

  • Table 6

    Adjusteda mean IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3) by quantiles of soy indicators and gender, Singapore Chinese Health Study

    n Male/FemaleIGF-I ng/mlIGFBP-3 ng/mlMolar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3)*1000
    MenWomenMenWomenMenWomen
    Soy protein density
     192/7014313237294118137111
     279/8414312237364135137105
     376/7715012637484256144105
     465/9516312238904258152102
     P for linear trend0.010.390.210.230.020.18
     P for gender interactionb0.010.510.01
    Isoflavonoid density
     192/7213713137144152131110
     288/7714412137804162138103
     373/9016113137424320156108
     459/8715511938654163145102
     P for linear trend0.010.340.300.670.010.30
     P for gender interactionb0.010.380.03
    Tofu product density
     1100/7114113037254119135110
     273/7714612537554191140105
     378/8715112837634253145107
     461/9116012038574222150101
     P for linear trend0.020.340.300.420.020.18
     P for gender interactionb0.010.410.01
    Urinary isoflavonoids (nmol*1000/mg*10)
     1 ≤2.9323/1513713141164334120107
     2/3 >2.9340/3816111737944160152100
     P for linear trend0.060.480.070.600.0040.46
     P for gender interactionb0.100.660.01
    • a Adjusted for age, BMI, and physical activity.

    • b Based on regression models containing soy intake indicator, gender, and a gender*soy indicator interaction term.

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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 12 (8)
August 2003
Volume 12, Issue 8
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Determinants of Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Concentrations in a Cohort of Singapore Men and Women
Nicole M. Probst-Hensch, Hao Wang, Victor H. H. Goh, Adeline Seow, Hin-Peng Lee and Mimi C. Yu
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev August 1 2003 (12) (8) 739-746;

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Determinants of Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Concentrations in a Cohort of Singapore Men and Women
Nicole M. Probst-Hensch, Hao Wang, Victor H. H. Goh, Adeline Seow, Hin-Peng Lee and Mimi C. Yu
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev August 1 2003 (12) (8) 739-746;
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