Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1
Means of serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratio (IGF-I: IGFBP-3), by sex and age, Singapore Chinese Health Study
Sex Age (years) Number of subjects IGF-I (ng/ml) IGFBP-3 (ng/ml) Molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3)*1000 Men Alla 312 144 3714 140 50–54 77 161 4047 144 55–64 133 144 3732 141 65–74 102 131 3425 135 P for linear trend by age 0.0001 0.0001 0.13 Women Alla 326 121 4143 103 50–54 70 130 4335 108 55–64 163 123 4153 105 65–74 93 112 3995 97 P for linear trend by age 0.04 0.02 0.05 P by sexa 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 -
a Adjusted for age at specimen collection as a continuous variable.
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- Table 2
Age- and sex-adjusted means of serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3), by lifestyle and anthropometric variables, Singapore Chinese Health Study
Predictor Number of subjects IGF-I (ng/ml) IGFBP-3 (ng/ml) Molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3)*1000 BMI (kg/m2) Quartile 1 <20.95 159 127 3800 120 2 <23.05 158 137 3935 124 3 <24.25 161 130 3899 121 4 ≥24.25 160 136 4080 121 P for linear trend 0.25 0.006 0.95 Current cigarette smoking and alcohol intakea No/no 429 134 3963 122 No/yes 89 127 3921 115 Yes/no 79 138 3875 130 Yes/yes 41 119 3694 117 P for alcohol effectb 0.06 0.35 0.04 P for smoking effectb 0.96 0.14 0.11 P for interactionc 0.30 0.45 0.46 Physical activity No weekly vigorous or strenous sports and ≥9 h of sitting/day 94 145 4068 128 Others 544 131 3904 120 P for physical activity 0.02 0.08 0.08 Weekly intake of vitamin/mineral supplements No 589 131 3915 120 Yes 49 152 4097 132 P for supplement intake 0.01 0.14 0.04 -
a Combined effect of current cigarette smoking and current intake of at least 1 alcoholic drink/month.
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b Ps for current smoking and alcohol intake, respectively, based on three-way analysis of covariance with current alcohol intake and smoking status as independent variables, and gender and age as covariates.
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c P for interaction term, based on four-way analysis of covariance with current alcohol intake and smoking status, as well as their interaction terms as independent variables, and gender and age as covariates.
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- Table 3
Adjusteda means of serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3), by reproductive historyb and hormonal variables, Singapore Chinese Health Study
Predictor Number of subjects IGF-I (ng/ml) IGFBP-3 (ng/ml) Molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3)*1000 Age at menarche <17 years 274 128 4233 107 ≥17 years 52 112 3956 100 P 0.06 0.04 0.21 Age when periods became regular <17 years 256 128 4254 106 ≥17 years 60 113 3912 103 Never became regular 10 116 3831 102 P for <17 yrs vs. ≥17 yrs 0.06 0.003 0.47 Age at first birth Nulliparous 20 125 4174 107 ≤30 yrs 276 124 4189 104 >30 yrs 30 138 4240 116 P for (nullip. or ≤30 yrs vs. >30 yrs) 0.26 0.85 0.13 Use of oral contraceptivesc Never 241 128 4213 108 Ex, >25 years at start 64 137 4236 114 Ex, ≤25 years at start 20 113 4109 98 P 0.09 0.69 0.09 -
a Adjusted for age, BMI, and physical activity.
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b Women who reportedly stopped bleeding, but had undergone a hysterectomy without double oophorectomy and an age at specimen collection <55 years were assigned an undetermined menopausal status.
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c Only a single woman reported current use of oral contraceptives. She was excluded from the analysis.
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- Table 4
Partial Spearman correlation (r) between serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3) and serum markers adjusting for age, BMI, gender, and physical activity, Singapore Chinese Health Study
Serum component n IGF-I ng/ml IGFBP-3 ng/ml Molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3)*1000 r (p) r (p) r (p) Vitamin B6 375 0.075 (0.15) 0.169 (0.001) −0.010 (0.86) Vitamin B12 375 −0.028 (0.59) 0.079 (0.13) −0.09 (0.10) Folate 375 0.011 (0.83) 0.074 (0.15) 0.018 (0.73) Homocysteine 375 0.009 (0.86) −0.016 (0.76) 0.002 (0.97) Cholesterola 128 0.250 (0.005) 0.240 (0.007) 0.172 (0.06) HDLa 128 −0.088 (0.33) −0.047 (0.60) −0.062 (0.49) LDLa 128 0.209 (0.02) 0.221 (0.01) 0.110 (0.23) Triacylglycerola 128 0.384 (<0.0001) 0.332 (0.0002) 0.314 (0.0004) Total cholesterol/HDLa 128 0.241 (0.007) 0.219 (0.02) 0.156 (0.08) -
a Restricted to serum samples collected after at least 12 h of fasting.
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- Table 5
Adjusteda regression coefficients based on regression of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3) on dietary nutrient densities, Singapore Chinese Health Study
Nutrient density IGF-I ng/ml IGFBP-3 ng/ml Molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3)*1000 β P β P β P Energy (kcal/day)b −5.714 0.41 −156.670 0.14 −1.750 0.73 Carbohydrates Model 1bc 0.206 0.47 −0.674 0.88 0.160 0.44 Model 2bd 0.647 0.35 −1.572 0.88 0.808 0.11 Protein Model 1bc 0.235 0.78 4.985 0.71 0.304 0.63 Model 2bd 1.837 0.18 8.898 0.67 1.723 0.09 Total fat Model 1bc −0.242 0.51 −0.243 0.97 −0.112 0.68 Model 2bd −0.049 0.95 −4.735 0.70 0.570 0.60 Saturated fat Model 1bc −1.896 0.03 −27.114 0.04 −0.770 0.23 Model 3be −2.401 0.16 −71.762 0.007 0.263 0.83 Monounsaturated fat Model 1bc −0.846 0.39 −0.793 0.96 −0.577 0.42 Model 3be −0.914 0.69 46.730 0.18 −0.651 0.70 ω3-Polyunsaturated fat Model 1bc 18.818 0.10 422.171 0.02 8.563 0.30 Model 3be 21.937 0.18 618.224 0.01 4.122 0.73 ω6-Polyunsaturated fat Model 1bc 1.730 0.13 32.624 0.06 0.869 0.29 Model 3be 0.476 0.81 −27.308 0.35 1.530 0.27 Dietary fiber 0.469 0.55 32.969 0.006 −0.147 0.80 Calcium from food and supplement 0.044 0.007 0.790 0.002 0.023 0.06 Soy proteinf 1.498 0.47 43.461 0.17 0.761 0.61 Men 6.532 0.02 59.549 0.15 4.390 0.05 Women −3.442 0.26 32.223 0.51 −3.005 0.14 -
a All models adjusted for age, BMI, gender, and physical activity.
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b No statistically significant interaction was observed between nutrient density and gender.
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c Model 1: unadjusted for other nutrient densities.
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d Model 2: adjusted for other macronutrient densities.
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e Model 3: adjusted for carbohydrate, protein, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, ω3-polyunsaturated fat, and ω6-polyunsaturated fat density.
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f P for interaction between soy protein density and gender: 0.01 for IGF-I; 0.51 for IGFBP-3; 0.01 for molar ratio.
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- Table 6
Adjusteda mean IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3) by quantiles of soy indicators and gender, Singapore Chinese Health Study
n Male/Female IGF-I ng/ml IGFBP-3 ng/ml Molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3)*1000 Men Women Men Women Men Women Soy protein density 1 92/70 143 132 3729 4118 137 111 2 79/84 143 122 3736 4135 137 105 3 76/77 150 126 3748 4256 144 105 4 65/95 163 122 3890 4258 152 102 P for linear trend 0.01 0.39 0.21 0.23 0.02 0.18 P for gender interactionb 0.01 0.51 0.01 Isoflavonoid density 1 92/72 137 131 3714 4152 131 110 2 88/77 144 121 3780 4162 138 103 3 73/90 161 131 3742 4320 156 108 4 59/87 155 119 3865 4163 145 102 P for linear trend 0.01 0.34 0.30 0.67 0.01 0.30 P for gender interactionb 0.01 0.38 0.03 Tofu product density 1 100/71 141 130 3725 4119 135 110 2 73/77 146 125 3755 4191 140 105 3 78/87 151 128 3763 4253 145 107 4 61/91 160 120 3857 4222 150 101 P for linear trend 0.02 0.34 0.30 0.42 0.02 0.18 P for gender interactionb 0.01 0.41 0.01 Urinary isoflavonoids (nmol*1000/mg*10) 1 ≤2.93 23/15 137 131 4116 4334 120 107 2/3 >2.93 40/38 161 117 3794 4160 152 100 P for linear trend 0.06 0.48 0.07 0.60 0.004 0.46 P for gender interactionb 0.10 0.66 0.01 -
a Adjusted for age, BMI, and physical activity.
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b Based on regression models containing soy intake indicator, gender, and a gender*soy indicator interaction term.
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Volume 12, Issue 8
