Skip to main content
  • AACR Publications
    • Blood Cancer Discovery
    • Cancer Discovery
    • Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
    • Cancer Immunology Research
    • Cancer Prevention Research
    • Cancer Research
    • Clinical Cancer Research
    • Molecular Cancer Research
    • Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

AACR logo

  • Register
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Advertisement

Main menu

  • Home
  • About
    • The Journal
    • AACR Journals
    • Subscriptions
    • Permissions and Reprints
    • Reviewing
  • Articles
    • OnlineFirst
    • Current Issue
    • Past Issues
    • CEBP Focus Archive
    • Meeting Abstracts
    • Progress and Priorities
    • Collections
      • COVID-19 & Cancer Resource Center
      • Disparities Collection
      • Editors' Picks
      • "Best of" Collection
  • For Authors
    • Information for Authors
    • Author Services
    • Best of: Author Profiles
    • Informing Public Health Policy
    • Submit
  • Alerts
    • Table of Contents
    • Editors' Picks
    • OnlineFirst
    • Citation
    • Author/Keyword
    • RSS Feeds
    • My Alert Summary & Preferences
  • News
    • Cancer Discovery News
  • COVID-19
  • Webinars
  • Search More

    Advanced Search

  • AACR Publications
    • Blood Cancer Discovery
    • Cancer Discovery
    • Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
    • Cancer Immunology Research
    • Cancer Prevention Research
    • Cancer Research
    • Clinical Cancer Research
    • Molecular Cancer Research
    • Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

User menu

  • Register
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
  • Home
  • About
    • The Journal
    • AACR Journals
    • Subscriptions
    • Permissions and Reprints
    • Reviewing
  • Articles
    • OnlineFirst
    • Current Issue
    • Past Issues
    • CEBP Focus Archive
    • Meeting Abstracts
    • Progress and Priorities
    • Collections
      • COVID-19 & Cancer Resource Center
      • Disparities Collection
      • Editors' Picks
      • "Best of" Collection
  • For Authors
    • Information for Authors
    • Author Services
    • Best of: Author Profiles
    • Informing Public Health Policy
    • Submit
  • Alerts
    • Table of Contents
    • Editors' Picks
    • OnlineFirst
    • Citation
    • Author/Keyword
    • RSS Feeds
    • My Alert Summary & Preferences
  • News
    • Cancer Discovery News
  • COVID-19
  • Webinars
  • Search More

    Advanced Search

Research Articles

Sputum Cytological Atypia as a Predictor of Incident Lung Cancer in a Cohort of Heavy Smokers with Airflow Obstruction

Sheila A. Prindiville, Tim Byers, Fred R. Hirsch, Wilbur A. Franklin, York E. Miller, Kieu O. Vu, Holly J. Wolf, Anna E. Barón, Kenneth R. Shroyer, Chan Zeng, Tim C. Kennedy and Paul A. Bunn
Sheila A. Prindiville
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Tim Byers
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Fred R. Hirsch
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Wilbur A. Franklin
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
York E. Miller
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Kieu O. Vu
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Holly J. Wolf
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Anna E. Barón
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Kenneth R. Shroyer
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Chan Zeng
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Tim C. Kennedy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Paul A. Bunn
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
DOI:  Published October 2003
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Tables
  • Fig. 1.
    • Download figure
    • Open in new tab
    • Download powerpoint
    Fig. 1.

    Time to diagnosis of lung cancer by sputum cytology findings among 2006 members of the University of Colorado Lung Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence Cohort.

Tables

  • Figures
  • Table 1

    Characteristics of 2006 cohort members and the association between selected factors and cytological finding from the baseline sputum sample, University of Colorado Lung Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence cohort, 1993–2001a

    Cohort characteristicsBaseline sputum cytological reading
    UnreadableNormal or squamous metaplasiaMild atypiaModerate atypiaWorse than moderate atypiaModerate atypia or worse
    n%n%n%n%n%n%n%
    Total cohort200610023411.743821.898048.832216.1321.635417.7
    Gender
     Female59729.78213.713823.129048.68213.750.88714.6
     Male140970.315210.830021.369049.024017.0271.926719.0
    Age
     30–59 years42421.1368.58620.322152.17417.571.78119.1
     60–69 years79339.48811.118122.839049.212215.4121.513416.9
     70+ years78939.311013.917121.736946.812616.0131.713917.6
    Race/ethnicity
     Caucasian186793.121511.541822.491048.729715.9271.532417.4
     Hispanic613.0813.169.83150.81524.611.61626.2
     African American532.6713.2917.02343.41018.947.61426.4
     Asian, Native American, Other251.3416.0520.01664.000.000.000.0
    Lifetime smoking
     Quartile 1 < 43 pack-years44822.34710.59922.123552.56113.661.36715.0
     Quartile 2 43–54 pack-years47423.66012.710221.521445.28818.6102.19820.7
     Quartile 3 55–80 pack-years59129.57011.813222.328948.99516.150.910016.9
     Quartile 4 ≥ 81 pack-years49324.65711.610521.324249.17815.8112.28918.1
    Smoking status
     Current smoker81940.8708.615418.842852.315018.3172.116720.4
     Former smoker118759.216413.828423.955246.517214.5151.318715.8
  • Table 2

    The association between selected risk factors and sputum cytology in the baseline sample from the 1010 subjects who completed a full risk factor questionnaire, University of Colorado Lung Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence cohort, 1993–2001.

    Risk factorTotal sample na (%)Sputum cytologybOdds ratios for moderate atypia or worse, compared to normal cytology
    Normal n (%)Squamous metaplasia and mild atypia n (%)Moderate atypia or worse n (%)Crude odds ratio (95% confidence interval)Multivariate-adjusted odds ratioc (95% confidence interval)
    All study subjects1005 (100)261 (26.0)602 (59.9)142 (14.1)
    Gender
     Female284 (28.3)77 (27.1)171 (60.2)36 (12.7)1.01.0
     Male721 (71.7)184 (25.5)431 (59.8)106 (14.7)1.23 (0.78–1.96)1.15 (0.69–1.91)
    Age
     30–59 years213 (21.2)41 (19.2)138 (64.8)34 (16.0)1.01.0
     60–69 years378 (37.4)102 (27.1)231 (56.7)61 (16.2)0.72 (0.41–1.26)0.79 (0.44–1.44)
     70+ years416 (41.4)118 (28.4)251 (60.3)47 (11.3)0.48 (0.27–0.85)0.65 (0.35–1.22)
    ptrend = 0.008ptrend = 0.27
    Smoking status
     Former smoker701 (70.1)212 (30.3)406 (57.9)83 (11.8)1.01.0
     Current smoker299 (29.9)49 (16.4)191 (63.9)59 (19.7)3.08 (1.95–4.85)2.50 (1.52–4.13)
    Use of vitamin supplements
     No372 (37.0)88 (23.6)222 (59.7)62 (16.7)1.01.0
     Yes633 (63.0)173 (27.3)380 (60.0)80 (12.7)0.65 (0.43–0.998)1.01 (0.63–1.61)
    Use of NSAIDs
     No285 (28.4)86 (30.2)157 (55.1)42 (14.7)1.01.0
     Yes720 (71.6)175 (24.3)445 (61.8)100 (13.9)1.17 (0.75–1.82)1.15 (0.70–1.89)
    Use of steroid inhalers
     No468 (46.6)129 (27.6)263 (56.2)76 (16.2)1.01.0
     Yes537 (53.4)132 (24.6)339 (63.1)66 (12.3)0.85 (0.56–1.28)1.16 (0.73–1.84)
    Fruit and vegetable servings per month
     Quartile 1 (<47 servings)254 (25.6)57 (22.5)153 (60.2)44 (17.3)1.01.0
     Quartile 2 (47–74 servings)248 (25.1)62 (25.0)151 (60.9)35 (14.1)0.73 (0.41–1.30)1.02 (0.55–1.89)
     Quartile 3 (75–110 servings)245 (24.8)68 (27.7)144 (58.8)33 (13.5)0.63 (0.36–1.11)0.84 (0.45–1.57)
     Quartile 4 (≥111 servings)242 (24.5)70 (28.9)147 (60.8)25 (10.3)0.46 (0.25–0.85)0.60 (0.31–1.16)
    ptrend = 0.01ptrend = 0.04
    • a In some cases, total number is <1005 because of missing data.

    • b All P > 0.01 by χ2 across all categories except for age (P = 0.03) and smoking status (P < 0.0001).

    • c Adjusted for age (continuous), race, sex, current smoking status, enrollment date (continuous), FEVI (continuous), and fruit and vegetable servings (continuous).

  • Table 3

    Lung cancer incidence as related to selected factors among the 2006 members of the University of Colorado Lung Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence cohort, 1993–2001

    Person-yearsLung cancer casesLung cancer incidence rate per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval)Incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval)
    Total cohort4469.37831.86 (1.46, 2.26)
    Gender
     Female1236.98191.54 (0.85, 2.23)1.0 (reference)
     Male3232.25641.98 (1.49, 2.47)1.29 (0.77, 2.15)
    Age
     30–59 years887.01141.58 (0.75, 2.40)1.0 (reference)
     60–69 years1854.03301.62 (1.04, 2.20)1.03 (0.54, 1.93)
     70+ years1729.49392.26 (1.55, 2.96)1.43 (0.76, 2.63)
    Race/ethnicity
     Caucasian4198.88791.88 (1.47, 2.30)1.0 (reference)
     Hispanic119.3810.84 (0, 2.48)0.45 (0.06, 3.20)
     African American112.0432.68 (0, 5.70)1.42 (0.45, 4.51)
     Asian, Native American, other40.580——
    Lifetime smoking history
     Quartile 1 < 43 pack-years877.63111.25 (0.51, 1.99)1.0 (reference)
     Quartile 2 43–54 pack-years1077.88181.67 (0.90, 2.44)1.33 (0.63, 2.82)
     Quartile 3 55–80 pack-years1345.71231.71 (1.01, 2.41)1.36 (0.66, 2.80)
     Quartile 4 ≥ 81 pack-years1168.90312.65 (1.27, 3.59)2.12 (1.06, 4.21)
    Smoking status
     Current smoker1818.99402.20 (1.52, 2.88)1.36 (0.88, 2.09)
     Former smoker2651.76431.62 (1.14, 2.11)1.0 (reference)
    Baseline sputum cytology
     Unreadable615.4260.97 (0.19, 1.76)0.76 (0.28, 2.06)
     Normal860.67111.28 (0.52, 2.03)1.0 (reference)
     Mild atypia2064.86321.55 (1.01, 2.09)1.21 (0.61, 2.41)
     Moderate atypia864.25192.20 (1.21, 3.19)1.72 (0.82, 3.61)
     Worse than moderate atypia64.961523.09 (11.41, 34.78)18.07 (8.30, 39.34)
     Moderate atypia or worse929.25343.66 (2.43, 4.89)2.86 (1.45, 5.65)
  • Table 4

    Association between moderate or worse cytological atypia in sputum and lung cancer incidence among the 2006 members of the University of Colorado Lung Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence cohort, 1993–2001

    Crude modelAdjusted for age, sex, recruitment yearAdjusted for age, sex, recruitment year, pack-years, and smoking status
    Hazard ratio (95% CI)aHazard ratio (95% CI)aHazard ratio (95% CI)a
    Initial baseline sputum
     Unreadable0.76 (0.28, 2.06)0.79 (0.29, 2.14)0.81 (0.30, 2.20)
     Normal1.00 (reference)1.00 (reference)1.00 (reference)
     Mild atypia1.20 (0.61, 2.39)1.20 (0.60, 2.40)1.16 (0.58, 2.32)
     Moderate atypia1.64 (0.78, 3.48)1.67 (0.79, 3.54)1.66 (0.79, 3.53)
     Worse than moderate atypia18.4 (8.30, 40.6)19.1 (8.53, 42.9)17.7 (7.84, 39.8)
     Moderate atypia or worse2.77 (1.40, 5.50)2.80 (1.41, 5.56)2.75 (1.38, 5.47)
    First six sputum samples
     Unreadable0.61 (0.19, 1.93)0.63 (0.20, 2.00)0.65 (0.21, 2.06)
     Normal1.00 (reference)1.00 (reference)1.00 (reference)
     Mild atypia1.13 (0.57, 2.24)1.13 (0.57, 2.26)1.10 (0.55, 2.20)
     Moderate atypia1.67 (0.78, 3.57)1.71 (0.80, 3.66)1.68 (0.79, 3.60)
     Worse than moderate atypia33.2 (15.3, 71.7)34.3 (15.7, 74.9)31.4 (14.2, 69.4)
     Moderate atypia or worse3.27 (1.66, 6.46)3.32 (1.68, 6.57)3.18 (1.60, 6.31)
    • a Hazard ratio, as estimated from proportional hazards analysis; CI, confidence interval.

PreviousNext
Back to top
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 12 (10)
October 2003
Volume 12, Issue 10
  • Table of Contents

Sign up for alerts

View this article with LENS

Open full page PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for sharing this Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention article.

NOTE: We request your email address only to inform the recipient that it was you who recommended this article, and that it is not junk mail. We do not retain these email addresses.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Sputum Cytological Atypia as a Predictor of Incident Lung Cancer in a Cohort of Heavy Smokers with Airflow Obstruction
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
(Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Citation Tools
Sputum Cytological Atypia as a Predictor of Incident Lung Cancer in a Cohort of Heavy Smokers with Airflow Obstruction
Sheila A. Prindiville, Tim Byers, Fred R. Hirsch, Wilbur A. Franklin, York E. Miller, Kieu O. Vu, Holly J. Wolf, Anna E. Barón, Kenneth R. Shroyer, Chan Zeng, Tim C. Kennedy and Paul A. Bunn
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev October 1 2003 (12) (10) 987-993;

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Sputum Cytological Atypia as a Predictor of Incident Lung Cancer in a Cohort of Heavy Smokers with Airflow Obstruction
Sheila A. Prindiville, Tim Byers, Fred R. Hirsch, Wilbur A. Franklin, York E. Miller, Kieu O. Vu, Holly J. Wolf, Anna E. Barón, Kenneth R. Shroyer, Chan Zeng, Tim C. Kennedy and Paul A. Bunn
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev October 1 2003 (12) (10) 987-993;
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Introduction
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Advertisement

Related Articles

Cited By...

More in this TOC Section

  • Urinary Melatonin in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk
  • Endometrial Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Cross-Cancer GWAS
  • Risk Factors of Subsequent CNS Tumor after Pediatric Cancer
Show more Research Articles
  • Home
  • Alerts
  • Feedback
  • Privacy Policy
Facebook   Twitter   LinkedIn   YouTube   RSS

Articles

  • Online First
  • Current Issue
  • Past Issues

Info for

  • Authors
  • Subscribers
  • Advertisers
  • Librarians

About Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention

  • About the Journal
  • Editorial Board
  • Permissions
  • Submit a Manuscript
AACR logo

Copyright © 2021 by the American Association for Cancer Research.

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
eISSN: 1538-7755
ISSN: 1055-9965

Advertisement