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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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No Effect of 600 Grams Fruit and Vegetables Per Day on Oxidative DNA Damage and Repair in Healthy Nonsmokers

Peter Møller, Ulla Vogel, Anette Pedersen, Lars O. Dragsted, Brittmarie Sandström and Steffen Loft
Peter Møller
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Ulla Vogel
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Anette Pedersen
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Lars O. Dragsted
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Brittmarie Sandström
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Steffen Loft
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DOI:  Published October 2003
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Tables

  • Table 1

    Subject characteristics and plasma vitamin C and carotenoid concentration in the three groups at baseline (mean and SD)a

    Fruit and vegetableVitamin supplementPlacebo
    No. (males/females)16 (8/8)12 (7/5)15 (7/8)
    Age (yr)29 ± 824 ± 426 ± 6
    Body mass index (kg/m2)23.5 ± 2.323.1 ± 1.722.6 ± 2.3
    Protein (energy percentage)b17 ± 317 ± 315 ± 3
    Fat (energy percentage)b29 ± 631 ± 329 ± 6
    Carbohydrate (energy percentage)b54 ± 853 ± 655 ± 8
    Dietary fiber (g/day)b20 ± 716 ± 714 ± 7
    Alcohol (g/day)113 ± 1616 ± 1917 ± 18
    Fruit and vegetable (g/day)2333 ± 178269 ± 119260 ± 180
    Plasma vitamin C concentration (μm)75 ± 1963 ± 1467 ± 17
    Plasma trans-β-catotene concentration (μg/100 ml)19 ± 1018 ± 1120 ± 15
    • a There were not statistically significant differences between the groups at baseline.

    • b Estimated from food frequency questionnaire.

  • Table 2

    Composition of experimental diet (grams fresh weight/day) at an energy intake of 10 MJ/day

    ComponentMenu 1Menu 2Menu 3Menu 4
    Breakfast
     Bread roll70707070
     Cheese25252525
     Sour milk195195195195
     Rye breadcrumbs33333333
    Lunch
     Rye bread100100100100
     Roast beef, ham, or turkey28282828
     Ham salad50
     Egg salad46
     Tuna salad50
     Mackerel salad50
     Milk250250250250
    Dinner
     Beef stew220
     Rice70
     Cheese sauce200
     Pasta7070
     Stew450
     Rye bread40
     Meat sauce190
    Snack
     Bread roll7070
     Cream cheese2020
     Sponge cake110110
     Almond cake5050
  • Table 3

    Plasma concentrations of vitamin C and β-carotene at baseline and on day 24 after 3 weeks of intervention (mean and SD)

    Plasma antioxidantVegetableVitaminPlacebo
    Vitamin C (baseline, μm)74.8 ± 19.562.9 ± 13.967.3 ± 17.3
    Vitamin C (day 24, μm)78.5 ± 13.671.3 ± 12.021.1 ± 11.8
    β-Carotene (baseline, μg/100 ml)18.6 ± 9.517.6 ± 10.919.7 ± 14.5
    β-Carotene (day 24, μg/100 ml)30.9 ± 15.747.5 ± 18.110.4 ± 8.5
  • Table 4

    Level of DNA strand breaks, ENDOIII- and FPG-sensitive sites, and hydrogen peroxide sensitivity in mononuclear blood cells detected by the comet assay (mean and SD) a,b

    DietBeforeDay 9Day 16Day 24Afterc
    Strand breaks
     Placebo26.6 ± 13.325.4 ± 18.726.8 ± 15.023.2 ± 12.833.0 ± 13.5
     Vitamin29.8 ± 12.823.4 ± 12.032.3 ± 15.727.8 ± 14.633.3 ± 12.3
     Vegetable25.1 ± 13.430.1 ± 13.034.1 ± 25.625.6 ± 14.128.1 ± 16.9
    ENDOIII sensitive sites
     Placebo27.0 ± 24.532.1 ± 20.121.6 ± 22.027.8 ± 23.420.3 ± 17.3
     Vitamin33.2 ± 15.732.3 ± 24.923.5 ± 14.820.3 ± 26.532.2 ± 10.0
     Vegetable36.5 ± 14.429.5 ± 15.431.4 ± 26.527.3 ± 18.822.0 ± 26.2
    FPG-sensitive sites
     Placebo42.2 ± 25.339.9 ± 29.435.9 ± 15.744.9 ± 25.335.7 ± 19.6
     Vitamin28.9 ± 28.137.6 ± 29.131.2 ± 18.833.9 ± 18.436.5 ± 20.1
     Vegetable38.3 ± 19.636.2 ± 22.239.5 ± 26.339.7 ± 23.135.3 ± 26.2
    Hydrogen peroxide-sensitive sites
     Placebo33.6 ± 10.628.4 ± 15.945.6 ± 18.131.4 ± 12.335.0 ± 14.0
     Vitamin39.3 ± 12.537.7 ± 13.142.3 ± 15.634.3 ± 10.637.3 ± 16.4
     Vegetable36.7 ± 16.441.1 ± 16.545.6 ± 26.737.7 ± 10.840.9 ± 19.7
    • a The data are expressed as arbitrary units.

    • b There were no interaction between the diets consumed and time-point in the study. For strand breaks, ENDOIII, and FPG-sensitive sites there were no statistically significant effects of the diet consumed or the time point in the study.

    • c The “after” samples were obtained 4 weeks after cessation of the intervention period (day 52).

  • Table 5

    Level of 24 h urinary 8-oxodG excretion (mean and SD)a

    DietBeforeDay 2Day 9Day 16Day 24Afterb
    Vegetable19.5 ± 8.617.5 ± 7.317.0 ± 8.418.4 ± 9.017.7 ± 10.013.8 ± 7.9c
    Placebo19.5 ± 8.618.6 ± 7.421.0 ± 10.621.0 ± 9.818.8 ± 8.917.0 ± 9.8
    Vitamin18.8 ± 3.919.5 ± 5.419.8 ± 5.118.4 ± 5.817.9 ± 5.015.0 ± 3.4
    • a The data are expressed as nmol/24 h.

    • b The “after” samples were obtained 4 weeks after cessation of the intervention period (day 52).

    • c n = 15 (other days n = 16).

  • Table 6

    Expression of OGG1 and ERCC1 mRNA relative to 18S in leukocytes isolated from whole blood (mean and SD with number of subjects in parenthesis)a,b

    DietBeforeDay 9Day 16Day 24Afterc
    Expression of OGG1 mRNA
     Placebo10.0 ± 5.3 (15)9.5 ± 5.9 (15)7.6 ± 4.6 (9)10.5 ± 6.7 (16)11.0 ± 6.8 (13)
     Vitamin7.2 ± 2.9 (11)6.9 ± 3.5 (12)6.7 ± 2.7 (9)7.3 ± 3.0 (12)10.9 ± 7.3 (12)
     Vegetable8.9 ± 4.1 (15)11.1 ± 6.6 (15)6.3 ± 1.6 (11)9.0 ± 6.5 (15)9.8 ± 9.0 (13)
    Expression of ERCC1 mRNA
     Placebo29.0 ± 14.6 (14)28.3 ± 12.9 (14)24.8 ± 13.6 (9)33.6 ± 18.5 (15)41.6 ± 28.0 (12)
     Vitamin22.9 ± 6.5 (11)23.7 ± 7.9 (12)20.6 ± 6.5 (9)27.1 ± 11.5 (12)36.5 ± 17.9 (12)
     Vegetable29.0 ± 13.1 (15)31.4 ± 17.1 (15)19.9 ± 6.9 (11)28.8 ± 18.4 (15)30.9 ± 15.9 (13)
    • a The data are expressed as mRNA relative to the expression of 18S (per million).

    • b There were no interaction between the diets consumed and time point in the study, nor were there any single factor effects of the diet consumed and time point in the study.

    • c The “after” samples were obtained 4 weeks after cessation of the intervention period (day 52).

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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 12 (10)
October 2003
Volume 12, Issue 10
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No Effect of 600 Grams Fruit and Vegetables Per Day on Oxidative DNA Damage and Repair in Healthy Nonsmokers
Peter Møller, Ulla Vogel, Anette Pedersen, Lars O. Dragsted, Brittmarie Sandström and Steffen Loft
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev October 1 2003 (12) (10) 1016-1022;

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No Effect of 600 Grams Fruit and Vegetables Per Day on Oxidative DNA Damage and Repair in Healthy Nonsmokers
Peter Møller, Ulla Vogel, Anette Pedersen, Lars O. Dragsted, Brittmarie Sandström and Steffen Loft
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev October 1 2003 (12) (10) 1016-1022;
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