Association Studies of Serum Prostate-specific Antigen Levels and the Genetic Polymorphisms at the Androgen Receptor and Prostate-specific Antigen Genes

DOI: Published July 2002

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Fig. 1.
The distribution of CAG repeats in the 469 white men, as indicated by solid bar, and in 49 black men, as indicated by cross-hatched bar.

Table 1

Characteristics of study subjects

	Whites	Blacks	Total
Number of subjects	469	49	518
Number with prostate cancer	27	3	30
Number with positive family history	43	7	50
Age, nonprostate cancer
n	439	46	485
Mean (SD)	63.7 (9.1)	59.8 (10.8)^a	63.3 (9.4)
Median (range)	64 (34–93)	59.5 (39–81)	63 (34–93)
log₁₀ (PSA), nonprostate cancer
n	437	46	483
Mean (SD)	0.04 (0.40)	0.12 (0.37)^b	0.04 (0.40)
Median	0	0.08	0.02
Range	−1.70, 1.31	−0.62, 0.89	−1.70 1.31
PSA
Median	1.01	1.20	1.05
Range	0.02, 20.70	0.24, 7.70	0.02, 20.70

^a The difference in the mean age between the whites and blacks was statistically significant (P = 0.008).
^b The difference in the mean log₁₀ PSA between the whites and blacks was statistically significant, after adjusting for age (P = 0.03).

Table 2

Serum PSA levels in white men with various genotypes at AR polymorphisms

Genotypes	log₁₀ (PSA)					PSA Mean	P
Genotypes		n	Mean	SD		PSA Mean	P
Nonprostate cancer, all PSA levels
CAG repeats
< = 21	192	0.06	0.4	1.15
> = 22	203	0.02	0.41	1.05	0.46
GGC repeats
< = 16	251	0.05	0.39	1.12
> = 17	147	0.02	0.44	1.05	0.6
Nonprostate cancer, PSA < 4 ng/ml
CAG repeats
< = 21	179	0	0.35	1
> = 22	182	−0.07	0.32	0.85	0.052
GGC repeats
< = 16	229	−0.03	0.31	0.93
> = 17	135	−0.05	0.37	0.89	0.5

Table 3

Serum PSA levels in white men with various genotypes at ARE1 polymorphisms

Genotypes (Nhe)	log₁₀ (PSA)					PSA Mean	Ps^a	Ps^b
Genotypes (Nhe)		n	Mean	SD		PSA Mean	Ps^a	Ps^b
Nonprostate cancer, all PSA levels
AA	105	−0.02	0.41	0.95
AG	210	0.08	0.4	1.2
GG	88	0.01	0.38	1.02	0.08	0.07
Nonprostate cancer, PSA < 4 ng/ml
AA	98	−0.07	0.37	0.85
AG	189	−0.005	0.32	0.99
GG	83	−0.04	0.32	0.91	0.26	0.13

Table 4

Serum PSA levels in white men for the combined genotypes at AR and ARE1

Genotypes ARE1 (NheI)	AR (CAG or GGC)	log₁₀ (PSA)					Mean	P^a
Genotypes ARE1 (NheI)	AR (CAG or GGC)			n	Mean	SD	Mean	P^a
Nonprostate cancer, all PSA levels
AA	CAG < = 21	56	0	0.43	1
	CAG > = 22	46	−0.03	0.38	0.93
AG	CAG < = 21	92	0.1	0.38	0.126
	CAG > = 22	103	0.07	0.43	1.17
GG	CAG < = 21	37	0.02	0.38	1.05
	CAG > = 22	45	0.02	0.38	1.05	0.43
AA	CAG < = 16	63	−0.05	0.35	0.89
	CAG > = 17	37	0.01	0.48	1.02
AG	GGC < = 16	130	0.11	0.39	1.29
	GGC > = 17	70	0.04	0.44	1.1
GG	CAG < = 16	50	0.04	0.38	1.1
	CAG > = 17	32	−0.01	0.39	0.98	0.15
Nonprostate cancer, and PSA < 4 ng/ml
AA	CAG < = 21	54	−0.03	0.4	0.93
	CAG > = 22	41	−0.12	0.31	0.76
AG	CAG < = 21	84	0.03	0.32	1.07
	CAG > = 22	91	−0.04	0.33	0.91
GG	CAG < = 21	35	−0.02	0.33	0.95
	CAG > = 22	42	−0.04	0.32	0.91	0.32
AA	CAG < = 16	60	−0.08	0.31	0.83
	CAG > = 17	34	−0.06	0.44	0.87
AG	GGC < = 16	115	0.02	0.3	1.05
	GGC > = 17	64	−0.04	0.36	0.91
GG	CAG < = 16	47	−0.01	0.32	0.98
	CAG > = 17	30	−0.06	0.33	0.87	0.42

Table 5

Serum PSA levels in black men with various genotypes at AR and ARE1

Genotypes	log₁₀ (PSA)				PSA Mean
Genotypes		n	Mean	SD	PSA Mean
Nonprostate cancer, all PSA levels
CAG repeats
< = 21	28	−0.08	0.4	0.83
> = 22	16	0.09	0.27	0.123
GGC repeats
< = 16	33	0.13	0.35	1.35
> = 17	11	0.17	0.44	1.48
ARE1
AA	8	0.21	0.28	1.62
AG	20	0.08	0.39	1.2
GG	17	0.15	0.39	1.41
Nonprostate cancer, and PSA < 4 ng/ml
CAG repeats
< = 21	24	−0.03	0.32	0.93
> = 22	15	0.21	0.25	1.62
GGC repeats
< = 16	30	0.07	0.31	1.17
> = 17	9	0.04	0.37	1.1
ARE1
AA	8	0.21	0.28	1.62
AG	17	−0.02	0.33	0.95
GG	15	0.06	0.31	1.15