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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Research Articles

Use of Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk

The Norwegian-Swedish Women’s Lifestyle and Health Cohort Study

Merethe Kumle, Elisabete Weiderpass, Tonje Braaten, Ingemar Persson, Hans-Olov Adami and Eiliv Lund
Merethe Kumle
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Elisabete Weiderpass
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Tonje Braaten
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Ingemar Persson
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Hans-Olov Adami
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Eiliv Lund
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DOI:  Published November 2002
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Abstract

Current use of oral contraceptives (OCs) has been reportedto increase breast cancer risk slightly. In 1991/1992, a prospective cohort study specifically designed to examine the role of hormonal contraceptives in relation to breast cancer was conducted in Norway and Sweden. This study was entitled Women’s Lifestyle and Health. Of 196,000 invited women aged 30–49 years, 106,844 women answered a 4-page questionnaire. Altogether, 103,027 women providing information on contraceptive use were included in the analysis presented here, and 1,008 primary invasive breast cancers were diagnosed throughout 1999 (end of follow-up). Proportional hazard regression was used to calculate relative risks (RRs) with adjustment for age and other possible confounders. An increased breast cancer risk was observed among women who were current/recent users of OCs of any type at the start of follow-up [RR, 1.6; 96% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–2.1]. Current/recent use (i.e., use in the year preceding cohort enrolment) of combined OCs (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0–2.0) and progestin-only pills (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0–2.4) entailed similar levels of increased risk. An increased risk of borderline significance was found among short-term (i.e., less than 13 months) users before age 20 years (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.7) and before first full-term pregnancy (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0–1.8). Long-term users of OCs were at a higher risk of breast cancer than never users (test for trend, P = 0.005). Current/recent use of OCs is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. Use of combined OCs and progestin-only pills seem to increase the risk at the same level.

  • Received February 22, 2002.
  • Revision received July 26, 2002.
  • Accepted August 19, 2002.
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November 2002
Volume 11, Issue 11
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Use of Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk
Merethe Kumle, Elisabete Weiderpass, Tonje Braaten, Ingemar Persson, Hans-Olov Adami and Eiliv Lund
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev November 1 2002 (11) (11) 1375-1381;

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Use of Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk
Merethe Kumle, Elisabete Weiderpass, Tonje Braaten, Ingemar Persson, Hans-Olov Adami and Eiliv Lund
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev November 1 2002 (11) (11) 1375-1381;
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