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Plasma Concentrations of Reputed Tumor-associated Soluble CD44 Isoforms (v5 and v6) in Smokers Are Dose Related and Decline on Smoking Cessation

Dental Clinical Research [D. A. S., R. M. P., R. F. W., P. Y. C.], Oral Medicine and Pathology [E. W. O.], and Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine [R. N. P.], Guy’s, King’s and St. Thomas’ Schools of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; Tobacco Research Section, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom [J. A. S., G. S.]; and Pharmacia & Upjohn, Helsingborg S-25109, Sweden [G. G.]

There is some evidence to suggest that smoking may affect circulating levels of CD44 (sCD44) molecules. Therefore, we investigated the effect of smoking on the circulating level of sCD44 by comparing the change in total sCD44, sCD44v5, and sCD44v6 concentrations over 1 year in a group of people who quit smoking (n = 30) and a control group of people who continued to smoke (n = 30). Smoking status and compliance were monitored by analysis of plasma cotinine and expired CO levels and also by self-reported tobacco use. We show a dose-dependent relationship between smoke intake and baseline plasma concentrations of reputed tumor-associated CD44 variant isoforms (sCD44v5 and sCD44v6) in smokers (n = 60). There was a significant decline in the level of both sCD44v5 and sCD44v6 in quitters as compared with continuing smokers [-13.2 (95% confidence interval, -7.6 to -18.8; P < 0.001) and -62.2 ng/ml (95% confidence interval, -33.9 to -90.6; P < 0.001), respectively], but not in the total sCD44 concentration. These results show that the increased concentrations of sCD44v5 and sCD44v6 in smokers are dose related and reversible and suggest that the attributed diagnostic specificity and prognostic value of sCD44 molecules in malignant and inflammatory disease may be affected by smoking status.

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