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Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 [V. N-S.]; Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104 [V. N-S., T. L. V., R. D. B., C. C.]; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 [T. L. V.]; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Research Center, New York, New York 10021 [M. B.]; and Cancer Center and College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 [G. M. S.].
Genetic polymorphisms for enzymes that metabolize tobacco smoke have been reported to determine susceptibility to several smoking-related cancers, including cancers of the lung, bladder, and head and neck. Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) detoxifies benzo(a)pyrene and other carcinogens in tobacco smoke. Approximately 50% of Caucasians lack the GSTM1 gene. Because the most common type of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), squamous cell carcinoma, is related to smoking, we sought to determine whether GSTM1 is associated with risk for NPC. Cases (n = 83) were from a population-based study conducted from 1987 to 1993 at five cancer registries in the United States. Random-digit dialing controls (n = 114) were matched to the cases for age, sex, and registry. Subjects participated in a phone interview and blood draw. Absence of GSTM1 was associated with increased risk for NPC (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.0–3.3 for all cases; and odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval = 0.8–3.5 for squamous cell cases). This relationship was not modified by smoking history, but stronger relationships between glutathione S-transferase and NPC were suggested among subjects who used alcohol more frequently than others, older subjects (50 or more years of age), and women relative to men. These data indicate that absence of GSTM1 moderately increases risk for NPC and add to growing evidence that GSTM1 is a determinant of risk for several smoking-related cancers.
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