This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by McTiernan, A. Articles by Bowen, D. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by McTiernan, A. Articles by Bowen, D.

Exercise Clinical Trials in Cancer Prevention Research:A Call to Action

Cancer Prevention Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109 [A. M., J. P., D. B.], and Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195 [R. S. S.]

Abstract

The experimental study design can yield valuable information in measuring the association between physical activity and occurrence of cancers. Randomized clinical exercise trials can provide insight into the avenues through which physical activity might affect cancer development and can provide experience with diffusing an exercise intervention into certain populations. This report describes the potential utility of the randomized clinical trial design in providing answers about bias, mechanisms, behavior change, and dose-response in defining the causal pathway between physical activity and cancer. The challenges and limitations of exercise clinical trial are discussed. The research experience in cardiovascular disease and exercise is used as a model for developing a research agenda to explore the potential role of physical activity as a cancer-prevention modality. We recommend that a series of small clinical trials of exercise interventions be conducted to measure exercise change effects on biomarkers for cancer risk, to learn about exercise behavior change in individuals at risk for cancer, and to serve as feasibility studies for larger randomized controlled trials of cancer and precursor end points and for community intervention studies.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C I Cornelio, M Garcia, A Schiaffino, J M Borres, F J Nieto, E Fernandez, and for the CHIS.FU Study Group Changes in leisure time and occupational physical activity over 8 years: the Cornelle Health Interview Survey Follow-Up Study J. Epidemiol. Community Health, March 1, 2008; 62(3): 239 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. H. Schmitz, R. L. Ahmed, P. J. Hannan, and D. Yee Safety and Efficacy of Weight Training in Recent Breast Cancer Survivors to Alter Body Composition, Insulin, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis Proteins Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2005; 14(7): 1672 - 1680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Peng, B. Chen, C. C. Lim, and D. B. Sawyer The Cardiotoxicology of Anthracycline Chemotherapeutics: TRANSLATING MOLECULAR MECHANISM INTO PREVENTATIVE MEDICINE Mol. Interv., June 1, 2005; 5(3): 163 - 171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Rundle Molecular Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 227 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Zielinski, M. Muenchow, M. A. Wallig, P. L. Horn, and J. A. Woods Exercise delays allogeneic tumor growth and reduces intratumoral inflammation and vascularization J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2004; 96(6): 2249 - 2256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. McTiernan, E. White, and C. Kooperberg Exercise and Risk of Breast Cancer--Reply JAMA, December 24, 2003; 290(24): 3193 - 3193. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Friedenreich and M. R. Orenstein Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention: Etiologic Evidence and Biological Mechanisms J. Nutr., November 1, 2002; 132(11): 3456S - 3464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. J. Eyre Nutritional Advice for Cancer Survivors CA Cancer J Clin, May 1, 2001; 51(3): 151 - 152. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Brown, T. Byers, K. Thompson, B. Eldridge, C. Doyle, A. M. Williams, and American Cancer Society Workgroup on Nutrition and Nutrition During and After Cancer Treatment: A Guide for Informed Choices by Cancer Survivors CA Cancer J Clin, May 1, 2001; 51(3): 153 - 181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Friedenreich Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention: From Observational to Intervention Research Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., April 1, 2001; 10(4): 287 - 301. [Abstract] [Full Text]