Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, Vol 4, Issue 5 549-554, Copyright © 1995 by American Association for Cancer Research

ARTICLES

High levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 correlate with disease progression in human colon cancer

E Friedman, LI Gold, D Klimstra, ZS Zeng, S Winawer and A Cohen
Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.

Several genes have identified that play a role in colon cancer development. However, less is known about factors that increase the rate of progression of colon cancers to metastasis. One candidate is transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1), which can enhance the aggressiveness of human colorectal cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The amount of TGF beta 1, TGF beta 2, and TGF beta 3 protein isoforms expressed in primary site colorectal cancers were measured to determine whether any correlation existed between protein levels and disease recurrence in a series of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Hospital patients who underwent potentially curative resections. Intense staining for TGF beta 1 correlated significantly (P < 0.0013; odds ratio, 18) with disease progression to metastasis and was independent of nodal status and the degree of differentiation of the primary tumor. Therefore, in this study, patients with high TGF beta 1 protein levels in their primary site colorectal cancer were 18 times more likely to experience recurrence of their disease than were patients whose tumors exhibited low levels of TGF beta 1. In this case-control study, patients whose cancer recurred and those remaining cancer free were age and sex matched. The disease recurred at a mean of 26.8 +/- 4.3 (SE) months, whereas the mean follow-up time in patients whose disease did not recur was over twice as long, 57.3 +/- 6.6 months. Ninety-four % of the patients in each group were node positive at the time of resection, with equal mean numbers of positive nodes per patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. L. Kanies, J. J. Smith, C. Kis, C. Schmidt, S. Levy, K. S.A. Khabar, J. Morrow, N. Deane, D. A. Dixon, and R. D. Beauchamp Oncogenic Ras and Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Synergistically Regulate AU-Rich Element-Containing mRNAs during Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Mol. Cancer Res., July 1, 2008; 6(7): 1124 - 1136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. A. Teicher Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} and the Immune Response to Malignant Disease Clin. Cancer Res., November 1, 2007; 13(21): 6247 - 6251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. H. Wrzesinski, Y. Y. Wan, and R. A. Flavell Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} and the Immune Response: Implications for Anticancer Therapy Clin. Cancer Res., September 15, 2007; 13(18): 5262 - 5270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. I. Berndt, W.-Y. Huang, N. Chatterjee, M. Yeager, R. Welch, S. J. Chanock, J. L. Weissfeld, R. E. Schoen, and R. B. Hayes Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) gene polymorphisms and risk of advanced colorectal adenoma Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2007; 28(9): 1965 - 1970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Xu and B. Pasche TGF-{beta} signaling alterations and susceptibility to colorectal cancer Hum. Mol. Genet., April 15, 2007; 16(R1): R14 - R20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Pasche, T. J. Knobloch, Y. Bian, J. Liu, S. Phukan, D. Rosman, V. Kaklamani, L. Baddi, F. S. Siddiqui, W. Frankel, et al. Somatic Acquisition and Signaling of TGFBR1*6A in Cancer JAMA, October 5, 2005; 294(13): 1634 - 1646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. C. Seales, G. A. Jurado, B. A. Brunson, J. K. Wakefield, A. R. Frost, and S. L. Bellis Hypersialylation of {beta}1 Integrins, Observed in Colon Adenocarcinoma, May Contribute to Cancer Progression by Up-regulating Cell Motility Cancer Res., June 1, 2005; 65(11): 4645 - 4652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. T. Tai, M. Dai, and L. B. Chen Periostin induction in tumor cell line explants and inhibition of in vitro cell growth by anti-periostin antibodies Carcinogenesis, May 1, 2005; 26(5): 908 - 915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Panopoulou, C. Murphy, H. Rasmussen, E. Bagli, E. K. Rofstad, and T. Fotsis Activin A Suppresses Neuroblastoma Xenograft Tumor Growth via Antimitotic and Antiangiogenic Mechanisms Cancer Res., March 1, 2005; 65(5): 1877 - 1886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. K. L. Woodward, S. R. Elshaw, A. K. Murray, C. E. Nichols, N. Cross, D. Laws, I. G. Rennie, and K. Sisley Stimulation and Inhibition of Uveal Melanoma Invasion by HGF, GRO, IL-1{alpha} and TGF-{beta} Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2002; 43(10): 3144 - 3152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Yan, G.-Y. Kim, X. Deng, and E. Friedman Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 Induces Proliferation in Colon Carcinoma Cells by Ras-dependent, smad-independent Down-regulation of p21cip1 J. Biol. Chem., March 15, 2002; 277(12): 9870 - 9879. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S Wildi, J Kleeff, H Maruyama, C A Maurer, M W Buchler, and M Korc Overexpression of activin A in stage IV colorectal cancer Gut, September 1, 2001; 49(3): 409 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Tsushima, N. Ito, S. Tamura, Y. Matsuda, M. Inada, I. Yabuuchi, Y. Imai, R. Nagashima, H. Misawa, H. Takeda, et al. Circulating Transforming Growth Factor {beta}1 as a Predictor of Liver Metastasis after Resection in Colorectal Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2001; 7(5): 1258 - 1262. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				H. Sheng, J. Shao, D. A. Dixon, C. S. Williams, S. M. Prescott, R. N. DuBois, and R. D. Beauchamp Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 Enhances Ha-ras-induced Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Stabilization of mRNA J. Biol. Chem., February 25, 2000; 275(9): 6628 - 6635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Bandyopadhyay, Y. Zhu, M. L. Cibull, L. Bao, C. Chen, and L. Sun A Soluble Transforming Growth Factor {beta} Type III Receptor Suppresses Tumorigenicity and Metastasis of Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells Cancer Res., October 1, 1999; 59(19): 5041 - 5046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. E. Gordinier, H.-Z. Zhang, R. Patenia, L. B. Levy, E. N. Atkinson, M. A. Nash, R. L. Katz, C. D. Platsoucas, and R. S. Freedman Quantitative Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor {beta}1 and 2 in Ovarian Carcinoma Clin. Cancer Res., September 1, 1999; 5(9): 2498 - 2505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Deng, S. Bellis, Z. Yan, and E. Friedman Differential Responsiveness to Autocrine and Exogenous Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) {beta}1 in Cells with Nonfunctional TGF-{beta} Receptor Type III Cell Growth Differ., January 1, 1999; 10(1): 11 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. Sun and C. Chen Expression of Transforming Growth Factor beta  Type III Receptor Suppresses Tumorigenicity of Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells J. Biol. Chem., October 3, 1997; 272(40): 25367 - 25372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Yan, X. Deng, and E. Friedman Oncogenic Ki-ras Confers a More Aggressive Colon Cancer Phenotype through Modification of Transforming Growth Factor-beta Receptor III J. Biol. Chem., January 5, 2001; 276(2): 1555 - 1563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]