Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, Vol 4, Issue 5 447-451, Copyright © 1995 by American Association for Cancer Research

ARTICLES

Pelvic inflammatory disease and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer

HA Risch and GR Howe
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.

Infertility is a common complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and may result in decreased parity. Low parity and possibly infertility are risk factors for ovarian cancer. We therefore examined the association between ovarian cancer and history of PID in a case-control study conducted during 1989-1992 in metropolitan Toronto and nearby areas of Southern Ontario, Canada. In total, 450 histologically verified new primary epithelial ovarian cancer cases ages 35-79 years were interviewed concerning their reproduction history. Over the same period, 564 randomly selected population controls, frequently matched to the cases according to three 15-year age groups, were interviewed similarly. Continuous unconditional logistic regression methods were used for analysis. It was found that cases were more likely than controls to report having had one or more episodes of PID; adjusted for age, parity, duration of oral contraceptive use, and other factors the odds ratio (OR) was 1.53 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-2.13; P = 0.012]. Higher risk was present for women with recurrent PID (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.13-3.12; P = 0.014). The elevated risk associated with PID was seen particularly among women < 60 years of age at interview (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.09-2.35; P = 0.016), for women of parity 0 or 1 (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.39-4.15; P = 0.0017), among women who had never ever had infertility (OR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.28-10.9; P = 0.016), and for the small number of women who reported having PID before age 20 (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.17-8.13; P = 0.023).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. Lu, W. Ouyang, and C. Huang Inflammation, a Key Event in Cancer Development Mol. Cancer Res., April 1, 2006; 4(4): 221 - 233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. L. Gierach, F. Modugno, and R. B. Ness Relations of Gestational Length and Timing and Type of Incomplete Pregnancy to Ovarian Cancer Risk Am. J. Epidemiol., March 1, 2005; 161(5): 452 - 461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Riman, P. W. Dickman, S. Nilsson, N. Correia, H. Nordlinder, C. M. Magnusson, and I. R. Persson Risk Factors for Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Results from a Swedish Case-Control Study Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2002; 156(4): 363 - 373. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Riman, P. W. Dickman, S. Nilsson, N. Correia, H. Nordlinder, C. M. Magnusson, E. Weiderpass, and I. R. Persson Hormone Replacement Therapy and the Risk of Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Swedish Women J Natl Cancer Inst, April 3, 2002; 94(7): 497 - 504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. B. Ness, D. W. Cramer, M. T. Goodman, S. K. Kjaer, K. Mallin, B. J. Mosgaard, D. M. Purdie, H. A. Risch, R. Vergona, and A. H. Wu Infertility, Fertility Drugs, and Ovarian Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Case-Control Studies Am. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2002; 155(3): 217 - 224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Paavonen Chlamydia trachomatis and cancer Sex Transm Inf, June 1, 2001; 77(3): 154 - 156. [Full Text] [PDF]

				I Simms and J M Stephenson Pelvic inflammatory disease epidemiology: what do we know and what do we need to know? Sex Transm Inf, April 1, 2000; 76(2): 80 - 87. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. B. Ness and C. Cottreau Possible Role of Ovarian Epithelial Inflammation in Ovarian Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, September 1, 1999; 91(17): 1459 - 1467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]