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Noninvasive Prediction of Prostatic DNA Damage by Oxidative Stress Challenge of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Departments of ¹ Veterinary Clinical Sciences, ² Statistics, ³ Veterinary Pathobiology, Purdue University, and ⁴ Gerald P. Murphy Cancer Foundation, West Lafayette, Indiana; ⁵ Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota; ⁶ Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; and ⁷ Bostwick Laboratories, Richmond, Virginia

Requests for reprints: David J. Waters, Gerald P. Murphy Cancer Foundation, 3000 Kent Avenue, Suite E2-100, West Lafayette, IN 47906. Phone: 765-494-9271; Fax: 765-775-1006. E-mail: waters{at}purdue.edu

To move closer to the goal of individualized risk prediction for prostate cancer, we used an in vivo canine model to evaluate whether the susceptibility of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to oxidative stress-induced DNA damage could identify those individuals with the highest prostatic DNA damage. This hypothesis was tested in a population of 69 elderly male beagle dogs after they had completed a 7-month randomized feeding trial to achieve the broad range of dietary selenium status observed in U.S. men. The alkaline Comet assay was used to directly compare the extent of DNA damage in PBLs with prostatic DNA damage in each dog. Using stepwise logistic regression, the sensitivity of PBLs to oxidative stress challenge with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) predicted dogs in the highest tertile of prostatic DNA damage. Dogs with PBLs highly sensitive to H₂O₂ were 7.6 times [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.5-38.3] more likely to have high prostatic DNA damage than those in the H₂O₂-resistant group. This risk stratification was observed in multivariate analysis that considered other factors that might influence DNA damage, such as age, toenail selenium concentration, and serum testosterone concentration. Our data show that the sensitivity of PBLs to oxidative stress challenge, but not endogenous DNA damage in PBLs, provides a noninvasive surrogate marker for prostatic DNA damage. These findings lend support to the concept that oxidative stress contributes to genotoxic damage, and that oxidative stress challenge may stratify men for prostate cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(9):1906–10)