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Gestational Age and Fetal Growth in Relation to Maternal Ovarian Cancer Risk in a Swedish Cohort

¹ Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School and ² Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; ³ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; ⁴ Department of Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; ⁵ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Falu Hospital, Falun, Sweden; ⁶ Center for Clinical Research, Dalarna, Sweden; and ⁷ Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts

Requests for reprints: Lorelei A. Mucci, Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115. Phone: 617-432-4565; Fax: 617-566-7805. E-mail: lmucci{at}hsph.harvard.edu

Background: Pregnancy influences subsequent maternal ovarian cancer risk. To date, there is limited evidence whether two characteristics of pregnancy, gestational age and birth weight, could modify risk.

Materials and Methods: We studied 1.1 million Swedish women who delivered singleton births between 1973 and 2001. Information on infant gestational age and birth weight was abstracted from the nationwide Swedish Birth Register. Women were followed prospectively through linkage with other population-based registers for occurrence of ovarian cancer, death, or emigration through 2001. Hazard ratios [relative risk (RR), 95% confidence interval (95% CI)] from Cox models were used to estimate associations between gestational age, birth weight, and epithelial ovarian cancer risk.

Results: During 12.6 million person-years, 1,017 epithelial ovarian cancers occurred. Mean age at diagnosis was 43 years. Compared with women with term deliveries (40 weeks), women with moderately (35-36 weeks) or very (<35 weeks) preterm deliveries had increased risks of epithelial ovarian cancer (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-2.0 and RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3-3.8, respectively). In contrast, women giving birth to small-for-gestational-age babies had a reduced risk (RR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.0). Stratifying on birth weight and gestational age, there was a strong protective effect of low birth weight on maternal risk of epithelial ovarian cancer among term deliveries, whereas birth weight seemed to have little effect among preterm births (P_interaction = 0.022).

Conclusions: Our results lend further support that the hormonal milieu of a pregnancy may modify long-term risk of developing ovarian cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(9):1828–32)

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				S. Cnattingius, S. Eloranta, H.-O. Adami, O. Axelsson, P. W. Dickman, C.-c. Hsieh, L. A. Mucci, D. Trichopoulos, M. Lambe, and A. L.V. Johansson Placental Weight and Risk of Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer with an Early Age of Onset Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2008; 17(9): 2344 - 2349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]