This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Faupel-Badger, J. M. Articles by Potischman, N. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Faupel-Badger, J. M. Articles by Potischman, N.

Plasma Volume Expansion in Pregnancy: Implications for Biomarkers in Population Studies

¹ Division of Cancer Prevention, ² Mammary Biology and Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, ³ Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and ⁴ Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; ⁵ University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; ⁶ Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; and ⁷ Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts

Requests for reprints: Jessica M. Faupel-Badger, Mammary Biology and Tumorigenesis Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MSC 4254, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: 301-443-3076; Fax: 301-402-0711. E-mail: badgerje{at}mail.nih.gov

There is a growing body of literature focused on endogenous hormone exposures during pregnancy and subsequent cancer risk for both mother and offspring. Examples of these studies include those focused on the biological mechanism for the association of preeclampsia with reduced risk of breast cancer for mother and female offspring or studies that have examined hormone concentrations during pregnancy between different ethnic groups who vary in their rates of breast cancer incidence. Although these studies seem relatively straightforward in conception and analysis, measurement of the concentration of hormones and other biomarkers in pregnant subjects is influenced by plasma volume expansion (PVE). During pregnancy, the maternal plasma volume expands 45% on average to provide for the greater circulatory needs of the maternal organs. Consequently, serum protein and hormone concentrations are greatly altered when comparing the pregnant with nonpregnant state. Assessing PVE also is complicated by the vast individual variation in PVE, ranging from minimal to a 2-fold increase. We propose that PVE needs to be evaluated when comparing biomarker concentrations during pregnancy in two populations that may differ with respect to PVE. Small body size is associated with lower PVE compared with higher body size. Therefore, we hypothesize that variation in PVE will influence the interpretation of differences in biomarker concentrations across population groups with respect to the etiologic significance of the biomarker to the disease under study (e.g., breast cancer). It is possible that some observations may be due only to differences in dilution between the two groups. We present PVE as a topic for consideration in population-based studies, examples of the types of studies where PVE may be relevant, and our own analysis of one such study in the text below. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(9):1720–3)