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The Association between the Anti-inflammatory Protein CC10 and Smoking Status among Participants in a Chemoprevention Trial

¹ Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program and ² Lung and Upper Aerodigestive Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; ³ Lung Tumor Group, British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and ⁴ Claragen, Inc., Rockville, Maryland

Requests for reprints: Eva Szabo, Lung and Upper Aerodigestive Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Room 2132, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: 301-435-2456; Fax: 301-480-3924. E-mail: szaboe{at}mail.nih.gov

CC10, the secretory product of bronchiolar Clara cells, is infrequently expressed in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its overexpression in NSCLC cell lines results in a less malignant phenotype. CC10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and serum are significantly lower in current smokers than healthy nonsmokers, but the effect of long-term smoking cessation on CC10 is unknown. We measured CC10 in baseline BAL and plasma collected from current (n = 81) and former (n = 23) smokers participating in a chemoprevention trial. Former smokers had significantly higher plasma CC10 levels compared with current smokers [mean, 62.1 ng/mL (95% CI, 43.0-81.2); range, 23.0-175.0 ng/mL for former smokers; and mean, 37.1 ng/mL (95% CI, 29.8-44.4); range, 5.0-171.0 ng/mL for current smokers; P < 0.001]. BAL CC10 levels also trended in the same direction. A significant positive correlation was found between CC10 plasma and BAL levels. After adjustment for age, sex, and pack-years of cigarette consumption, former smokers had 1.70 (95% CI, 1.23-2.36) times higher plasma CC10 levels than current smokers (P < 0.01), whereas former smokers also had nonsignificantly higher baseline BAL CC10 levels compared with current smokers [adjusted mean ratio (95% CI), 1.60 (0.92-2.80), P = 0.094 and 1.35 (0.86-2.10), P = 0.193 for the absolute and normalized BAL CC10, respectively]. These results show that sustained smoking cessation is associated with higher plasma CC10 levels, suggesting that at least some of the damage associated with tobacco smoke may be repaired by long-term smoking cessation. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):577–83)

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				J. Chen, S. Lam, A. Pilon, A. McWilliams, C. MacAulay, and E. Szabo Higher Levels of the Anti-inflammatory Protein CC10 Are Associated with Improvement in Bronchial Dysplasia and Sputum Cytometric Assessment in Individuals at High Risk for Lung Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 2008; 14(5): 1590 - 1597. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]