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1 University of Wisconsin Paul P. Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center; 2 Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 3 Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; 4 Dartmouth Medical School, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire; and 5 H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
Requests for reprints: Amy Trentham-Dietz, University of Wisconsin, 610 Walnut Street, WARF Room 701, Madison, WI 53726. Phone: 608-263-1946; Fax: 608-265-5330. E-mail: trentham{at}wisc.edu
Numerous studies have observed reduced breast cancer risk with increasing levels of physical activity, yet these findings have been inconsistent about optimal times of activity and effect modification by other factors. We investigated the association between recreational and occupational physical activity and breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin. During structured telephone interviews, 7,630 controls, 1,689 in situ, and 6,391 invasive breast cancer cases, ages 20 to 69 years, reported lifetime history of recreational physical activity and occupation. Neither lifetime recreational nor strenuous occupational physical activity appeared to be associated with risk of breast carcinoma in situ. In contrast, recreational physical activity was associated with a reduced risk of invasive breast cancer. After adjustment for potentially confounding factors, women averaging >6 h per week of strenuous recreational activity over their lifetime had a 23% reduction in the odds ratio of invasive breast cancer when compared with women reporting no recreational activity (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.92; Ptrend = 0.05). However, this reduction in risk was limited to women without a first-degree family history of breast cancer (Pinteraction = 0.02). Inverse associations were observed for physical activity early in life, in the postmenopausal years, and in the recent past, but these findings were confined to women without a family history of breast cancer. Lifetime strenuous occupational activity was not associated with invasive breast cancer risk. These results provide further evidence that, for most women, physical activity may reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(2):236–43)
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