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A Prospective Study of Dietary Acrylamide Intake and the Risk of Endometrial, Ovarian, and Breast Cancer

¹ Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; ² Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Region South, Department Research & Development, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; and ³ Department of Food and Chemical Risk Analysis, TNO Quality of Life, Zeist, the Netherlands

Requests for reprints: Janneke Hogervorst, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands. Phone: 31-433882391; Fax: 31-433884128. E-mail: JGF.Hogervorst{at}EPID.Unimaas.nl

Background: Acrylamide, a probable human carcinogen, was detected in various heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods in 2002. The few epidemiologic studies done thus far have not shown a relationship with cancer. Our aim was to investigate the association between acrylamide intake and endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer risk.

Methods: The Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer includes 62,573 women, aged 55-69 years. At baseline (1986), a random subcohort of 2,589 women was selected using a case cohort analysis approach for analysis. The acrylamide intake of subcohort members and cases was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire and was based on chemical analysis of all relevant Dutch foods. Subgroup analyses were done for never-smokers to eliminate the influence of smoking; an important source of acrylamide.

Results: After 11.3 years of follow-up, 327, 300, and 1,835 cases of endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer, respectively, were documented. Compared with the lowest quintile of acrylamide intake (mean intake, 8.9 µg/day), multivariable-adjusted hazard rate ratios (HR) for endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer in the highest quintile (mean intake, 40.2 µg/day) were 1.29 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.81-2.07; P_trend = 0.18], 1.78 (95% CI, 1.10-2.88; P_trend = 0.02), and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.73-1.19; P_trend = 0.79), respectively. For never-smokers, the corresponding HRs were 1.99 (95% CI, 1.12-3.52; P_trend = 0.03), 2.22 (95% CI, 1.20-4.08; P_trend = 0.01), and 1.10 (95% CI, 0.80-1.52; P_trend = 0.55).

Conclusions: We observed increased risks of postmenopausal endometrial and ovarian cancer with increasing dietary acrylamide intake, particularly among never-smokers. Risk of breast cancer was not associated with acrylamide intake. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2304–13)

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