| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
1 Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Divisions of 2 Epidemiology and 3 Health Services Research and Policy; 4 Clinical Outcomes Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; 5 Faculty of Physical Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and 6 Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
Requests for reprints: Kathryn H. Schmitz, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, 9th Floor Blockley Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19072. Phone: 612-625-8056; Fax: 215-898-0901. E-mail: kschmitz{at}cceb.upenn.edu
Background: Approximately 9.8 million cancer survivors are alive in the United States today. Enthusiasm for prescribing physical activity for cancer survivors depends on evidence regarding whether physical activity during or after completion of treatment results in improved outcomes such as cardiorespiratory fitness, fatigue, symptoms, quality of life, mental health, or change in body size.
Methods: A systematic qualitative and quantitative review of the English language scientific literature identified controlled trials of physical activity interventions in cancer survivors during and after treatment. Data from 32 studies were abstracted, weighted mean effect sizes (WMES) were calculated from the 22 high-quality studies, and a systematic level of evidence criteria was applied to evaluate 25 outcomes.
Results: There was qualitative and quantitative evidence of a small to moderate effect of physical activity interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness (WMES = 0.51 and 0.65 during and after treatment respectively, P < 0.01), physiologic outcomes and symptoms during treatment (WMES = 0.28, P < 0.01 and 0.39, P < 0.01, respectively), and vigor posttreatment (WMES = 0.83, P = 0.04). Physical activity was well tolerated in cancer survivors during and after treatment, but the available literature does not allow conclusions to be drawn regarding adverse events from participation.
Conclusions: Physical activity improves cardiorespiratory fitness during and after cancer treatment, symptoms and physiologic effects during treatment, and vigor posttreatment. Additional physical activity intervention studies are needed to more firmly establish the range and magnitude of positive effects of physical activity among cancer survivors.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  I. Korstjens, A. M. May, E. van Weert, I. Mesters, F. Tan, W. J. G. Ros, J. E. H. M. Hoekstra-Weebers, C. P. van der Schans, and B. van den Borne Quality of Life After Self-Management Cancer Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Physical and Cognitive-Behavioral Training Versus Physical Training Psychosom Med, May 1, 2008; 70(4): 422 - 429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Radbruch, F. Strasser, F. Elsner, J. F. Goncalves, J. Loge, S. Kaasa, F. Nauck, P. Stone, and the Research Steering Committee of the European As Fatigue in palliative care patients -- an EAPC approach Palliative Medicine, January 1, 2008; 22(1): 13 - 32. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. E. Scully, T. L. Miller, and S. E. Lipshultz Detecting Anthracycline-induced Cardiotoxicity in Survivors of Childhood Cancer ASCO Educational Book, January 1, 2008; 2008(1): 454 - 458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Gibney, M.-L. Healy, and P. H. Sonksen The Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Axis in Exercise and Sport Endocr. Rev., October 1, 2007; 28(6): 603 - 624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. S. Courneya, R. J. Segal, J. R. Mackey, K. Gelmon, R. D. Reid, C. M. Friedenreich, A. B. Ladha, C. Proulx, J. K.H. Vallance, K. Lane, et al. Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial J. Clin. Oncol., October 1, 2007; 25(28): 4396 - 4404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Demark-Wahnefried Move Onward, Press Forward, and Take a Deep Breath: Can Lifestyle Interventions Improve the Quality of Life of Women With Breast Cancer, and How Can We Be Sure? J. Clin. Oncol., October 1, 2007; 25(28): 4344 - 4345. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Schneider, C. C. Hsieh, L. K. Sprod, S. D. Carter, and R. Hayward Exercise Training Manages Cardiopulmonary Function and Fatigue During and Following Cancer Treatment in Male Cancer Survivors Integr Cancer Ther, September 1, 2007; 6(3): 235 - 241. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Demark-Wahnefried, E. C. Clipp, I. M. Lipkus, D. Lobach, D. C. Snyder, R. Sloane, B. Peterson, J. M. Macri, C. L. Rock, C. M. McBride, et al. Main Outcomes of the FRESH START Trial: A Sequentially Tailored, Diet and Exercise Mailed Print Intervention Among Breast and Prostate Cancer Survivors J. Clin. Oncol., July 1, 2007; 25(19): 2709 - 2718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. K.H. Vallance, K. S. Courneya, R. C. Plotnikoff, Y. Yasui, and J. R. Mackey Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of Print Materials and Step Pedometers on Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors J. Clin. Oncol., June 10, 2007; 25(17): 2352 - 2359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Sabatino, R. J. Coates, R. J. Uhler, L. A. Pollack, L. G. Alley, and L. J. Zauderer Provider Counseling About Health Behaviors Among Cancer Survivors in the United States J. Clin. Oncol., May 20, 2007; 25(15): 2100 - 2106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. H. Schmitz, A. R. Cappola, C. T. Stricker, C. Sweeney, and S. A. Norman The Intersection of Cancer and Aging: Establishing the Need for Breast Cancer Rehabilitation Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2007; 16(5): 866 - 872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. H. Karvinen, K. S. Courneya, S. North, and P. Venner Associations between Exercise and Quality of Life in Bladder Cancer Survivors: A Population-Based Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2007; 16(5): 984 - 990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. M. Mustian, G. R. Morrow, J. K. Carroll, C. D. Figueroa-Moseley, P. Jean-Pierre, and G. C. Williams Integrative Nonpharmacologic Behavioral Interventions for the Management of Cancer-Related Fatigue Oncologist, May 1, 2007; 12(suppl_1): 52 - 67. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Andrykowski, A. O. Beacham, and P. B. Jacobsen Prospective, Longitudinal Study of Leisure-Time Exercise in Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2007; 16(3): 430 - 438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Demark-Wahnefried, B. M. Pinto, and E. R. Gritz Promoting Health and Physical Function Among Cancer Survivors: Potential for Prevention and Questions That Remain J. Clin. Oncol., November 10, 2006; 24(32): 5125 - 5131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Stanton Psychosocial Concerns and Interventions for Cancer Survivors J. Clin. Oncol., November 10, 2006; 24(32): 5132 - 5137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Doyle, L. H. Kushi, T. Byers, K. S. Courneya, W. Demark-Wahnefried, B. Grant, A. McTiernan, C. L. Rock, C. Thompson, T. Gansler, et al. Nutrition and Physical Activity During and After Cancer Treatment: An American Cancer Society Guide for Informed Choices CA Cancer J Clin, November 1, 2006; 56(6): 323 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F.M. Gielissen, S. Verhagen, F. Witjes, and G. Bleijenberg Effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Severely Fatigued Disease-Free Cancer Patients Compared With Patients Waiting for Cognitive Behavior Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial J. Clin. Oncol., October 20, 2006; 24(30): 4882 - 4887. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Visovsky Muscle strength, body composition, and physical activity in women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer. Integr Cancer Ther, September 1, 2006; 5(3): 183 - 191. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J Garcia-Aymerich, P Lange, M Benet, P Schnohr, and J M Anto Regular physical activity reduces hospital admission and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population based cohort study Thorax, September 1, 2006; 61(9): 772 - 778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Demark-Wahnefried Cancer Survival: Time to Get Moving? Data Accumulate Suggesting a Link Between Physical Activity and Cancer Survival J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2006; 24(22): 3517 - 3518. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. L. Ahmed, W. Thomas, D. Yee, and K. H. Schmitz Randomized Controlled Trial of Weight Training and Lymphedema in Breast Cancer Survivors J. Clin. Oncol., June 20, 2006; 24(18): 2765 - 2772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. H. Rowland and R. Yancik Cancer survivorship: the interface of aging, comorbidity, and quality care. J Natl Cancer Inst, April 19, 2006; 98(8): 504 - 505. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Cancer Research | Clinical Cancer Research |
| Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention | Molecular Cancer Therapeutics |
| Molecular Cancer Research | Cancer Prevention Research |
| Cancer Prevention Journals Portal | Cancer Reviews Online |
| Annual Meeting Education Book | Cell Growth & Differentiation |
