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Common Polymorphisms in Checkpoint Kinase 2 Are not Associated with Breast Cancer Risk

Cancer Research UK Human Cancer Genetics Research Group, Department of Oncology [B. K., A. A., C. S. H., B. A. J. P., A. M. D., P. D. P. P.], Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Group [D. F. E.], and Department of Public Health and Primary Care [N. E. D.], Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge CB1 8RN, United Kingdom; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany [B. K.]; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University, Finland [A. A.]

A substantial proportion of the familial risk of breast cancer may be attributable to genetic variants each contributing a small effect. Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes are good candidates for such low penetrance breast cancer susceptibility alleles. Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) is a kinase in which the yeast counterpart regulates a cell cycle checkpoint and causes cells to arrest proliferation after DNA damage. A rare, protein truncating mutation in the CHEK2 gene has recently been shown to confer a modest risk of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether common polymorphic variants in CHEK2 are associated with an increase in breast cancer risk. We assessed two variants in CHEK2 using a case control study design (n = 1786 cases and 1828 controls). No differences in genotype frequencies were found between cases and control for either the IVS1 + 38insa or the a1013g polymorphisms (P = 0.3 and 0.2 respectively), and no genotype-specific risk was significantly different from unity. The haplotype frequency distribution in cases and controls were also similar (P = 0.3). We conclude that the CHEK2 polymorphisms IVS + 1a and a1013g do not confer an increased risk of breast cancer. It is also unlikely that other, as yet unidentified, common polymorphisms that affect risk are present in the gene in the British population.

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