This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Giovannucci, E. Articles by Willett, W. C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Giovannucci, E. Articles by Willett, W. C.

Nutritional Predictors of Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Their Relationships to Cancer in Men¹

Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 [E. G., Y. L., E. B. R., W. C. W.]; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2 [M. P., N. M.]; and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 [E. A. P.]

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis may play opposing roles in health and disease.The age-related declines in growth hormone and IGF-I may be associated with potentially deleterious changes in body composition and functioning, but recent studies suggest that IGF-I levels may be related to risk of prostate, colorectal, premenopausal breast, and possibly other cancers. Thus, we studied dietary influences on plasma IGF-I and IGF-I:IGF-binding protein-3 ratio in 753 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who completed a food frequency questionnaire. In this generally well-nourished population of middle-aged to elderly men, plasma IGF-I and IGF-I:IGF-binding protein-3 molar ratio tended to increase with higher intake of protein and minerals, including potassium, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus. Men with relatively high intakes of total protein (top quintile) and minerals (top quintile of the five minerals combined) had a 25% higher mean plasma level of IGF-I compared with those in the low quintiles simultaneously. The major sources of animal protein, including milk, fish, and poultry, but not red meat, as well as total vegetable protein, were associated with an increase in IGF-I levels. Energy intake was positively related to plasma IGF-I level but only in men with body mass index <25 kg/m². The age-related decline in plasma IGF-I may be exacerbated by low intakes of protein and minerals. The potential role of these dietary factors on cancer risk through altering IGF-I levels requires study.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				F. L. Crowe, T. J. Key, N. E. Allen, P. N. Appleby, A. Roddam, K. Overvad, H. Gronbaek, A. Tjonneland, J. Halkjaer, L. Dossus, et al. The Association between Diet and Serum Concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2009; 18(5): 1333 - 1340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Park, M. F. Leitzmann, A. F. Subar, A. Hollenbeck, and A. Schatzkin Dairy Food, Calcium, and Risk of Cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study Arch Intern Med, February 23, 2009; 169(4): 391 - 401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. M. Wolpin, J. A. Meyerhardt, A. T. Chan, K. Ng, J. A. Chan, K. Wu, M. N. Pollak, E. L. Giovannucci, and C. S. Fuchs Insulin, the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis, and Mortality in Patients With Nonmetastatic Colorectal Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., January 10, 2009; 27(2): 176 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. S. Fuchs, R. M. Goldberg, D. J. Sargent, J. A. Meyerhardt, B. M. Wolpin, E. M. Green, H. C. Pitot, and M. Pollak Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factors, Insulin-like Binding Protein-3, and Outcome in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results from Intergroup Trial N9741 Clin. Cancer Res., December 15, 2008; 14(24): 8263 - 8269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. K. Sethi, J. P. McMurtry, G. M. Pesti, H. M. Edwards Jr., and S. E. Aggrey Physiological Responses to Divergent Selection for Phytate Phosphorus Bioavailability in a Randombred Chicken Population Poult. Sci., December 1, 2008; 87(12): 2512 - 2516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. W. Roddam, N. E. Allen, P. Appleby, T. J. Key, L. Ferrucci, H. B. Carter, E. J. Metter, C. Chen, N. S. Weiss, A. Fitzpatrick, et al. Insulin-like Growth Factors, Their Binding Proteins, and Prostate Cancer Risk: Analysis of Individual Patient Data from 12 Prospective Studies Ann Intern Med, October 7, 2008; 149(7): 461 - 471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. L Crowe, T. J Key, P. N Appleby, R. C Travis, K. Overvad, M. U Jakobsen, N. F Johnsen, A. Tjonneland, J. Linseisen, S. Rohrmann, et al. Dietary fat intake and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1405 - 1413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C van der Pols, C. Bain, D. Gunnell, G. Davey Smith, C. Frobisher, and R. M Martin Childhood dairy intake and adult cancer risk: 65-y follow-up of the Boyd Orr cohort Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2007; 86(6): 1722 - 1729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. F Olsen, T. I Halldorsson, W. C Willett, V. K Knudsen, M. W Gillman, T. B Mikkelsen, J. Olsen, and and The NUTRIX Consortium Milk consumption during pregnancy is associated with increased infant size at birth: prospective cohort study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2007; 86(4): 1104 - 1110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-C. Chen, P. Kraft, P. Bretsky, S. Ketkar, D. J. Hunter, D. Albanes, D. Altshuler, G. Andriole, C. D. Berg, H. Boeing, et al. Sequence Variants of Estrogen Receptor {beta} and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2007; 16(10): 1973 - 1981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. M. Wolpin, D. S. Michaud, E. L. Giovannucci, E. S. Schernhammer, M. J. Stampfer, J. E. Manson, B. B. Cochrane, T. E. Rohan, J. Ma, M. N. Pollak, et al. Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer Cancer Res., August 15, 2007; 67(16): 7923 - 7928. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Berrigan, N. Potischman, K. W. Dodd, M. Nicar, G. McQuillan, J. A. Lavigne, J. C. Barrett, and R. Ballard-Barbash Serum Levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Binding Protein-3: Quality Control for Studies of Stored Serum Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2007; 16(5): 1017 - 1022. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.E. Chavarro, J.W. Rich-Edwards, B. Rosner, and W.C. Willett A prospective study of dairy foods intake and anovulatory infertility Hum. Reprod., May 1, 2007; 22(5): 1340 - 1347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. R. Schumacher, H. S. Feigelson, D. G. Cox, C. A. Haiman, D. Albanes, J. Buring, E. E. Calle, S. J. Chanock, G. A. Colditz, W. R. Diver, et al. A Common 8q24 Variant in Prostate and Breast Cancer from a Large Nested Case-Control Study Cancer Res., April 1, 2007; 67(7): 2951 - 2956. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Fontana, S. Klein, and J. O Holloszy Long-term low-protein, low-calorie diet and endurance exercise modulate metabolic factors associated with cancer risk Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2006; 84(6): 1456 - 1462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Z. Michaylira, J. G. Simmons, N. M. Ramocki, B. P. Scull, K. K. McNaughton, C. R. Fuller, and P. K. Lund Suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 limits intestinal growth and enterotrophic actions of IGF-I in vivo Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, September 1, 2006; 291(3): G472 - G481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E. Lee, E. Giovannucci, S. A. Smith-Warner, D. Spiegelman, W. C. Willett, and G. C. Curhan Total fluid intake and use of individual beverages and risk of renal cell cancer in two large cohorts. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2006; 15(6): 1204 - 1211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. E Morley, D. R Thomas, and M.-M. G Wilson Cachexia: pathophysiology and clinical relevance. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2006; 83(4): 735 - 743. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. M Popkin, L. E Armstrong, G. M Bray, B. Caballero, B. Frei, and W. C Willett A new proposed guidance system for beverage consumption in the United States Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2006; 83(3): 529 - 542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Genkinger, D. J. Hunter, D. Spiegelman, K. E. Anderson, A. Arslan, W. L. Beeson, J. E. Buring, G. E. Fraser, J. L. Freudenheim, R. A. Goldbohm, et al. Dairy products and ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of 12 cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2006; 15(2): 364 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Cheng, D. O. Stram, K. L. Penney, M. Pike, L. Le Marchand, L. N. Kolonel, J. Hirschhorn, D. Altshuler, B. E. Henderson, and M. L. Freedman Common Genetic Variation in IGF1 and Prostate Cancer Risk in the Multiethnic Cohort J Natl Cancer Inst, January 18, 2006; 98(2): 123 - 134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. L. McCullough, C. Rodriguez, W. R. Diver, H. S. Feigelson, V. L. Stevens, M. J. Thun, and E. E. Calle Dairy, Calcium, and Vitamin D Intake and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Risk in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2005; 14(12): 2898 - 2904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Morimoto, P. A. Newcomb, E. White, J. Bigler, and J. D. Potter Variation in Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3: Genetic Factors Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2005; 14(6): 1394 - 1401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Meyerhardt, J. A. Sloan, D. J. Sargent, R. M. Goldberg, M. Pollak, R. F. Morton, R. K. Ramanathan, S. K. Williamson, B. P. Findlay, and C. S. Fuchs Associations between Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor Proteins and C-Peptide and Quality of Life in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2005; 14(6): 1402 - 1410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Wang, D. H. Catlin, B. Starcevic, D. Heber, C. Ambler, N. Berman, G. Lucas, A. Leung, K. Schramm, P. W. N. Lee, et al. Low-Fat High-Fiber Diet Decreased Serum and Urine Androgens in Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2005; 90(6): 3550 - 3559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. C Larsson, K. Wolk, K. Brismar, and A. Wolk Association of diet with serum insulin-like growth factor I in middle-aged and elderly men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2005; 81(5): 1163 - 1167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. W. Voskuil, A. Vrieling, L. J. van't Veer, E. Kampman, and M. A. Rookus The Insulin-like Growth Factor System in Cancer Prevention: Potential of Dietary Intervention Strategies Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 195 - 203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. S. Rogers, D. Gunnell, P. M. Emmett, L. R. Glynn, D. B. Dunger, J. M. Holly, and and ALSPAC Study Team Cross-Sectional Associations of Diet and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Levels in 7- to 8-Year-Old Children Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 204 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. G. Nielsen, A. Olsen, J. Christensen, K. Overvad, and A. Tjonneland Dietary Carbohydrate Intake Is Not Associated with the Breast Cancer Incidence Rate Ratio in Postmenopausal Danish Women J. Nutr., January 1, 2005; 135(1): 124 - 128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Hoppe, T. Rovenna Udam, L. Lauritzen, C. Molgaard, A. Juul, and K. Fleischer Michaelsen Animal protein intake, serum insulin-like growth factor I, and growth in healthy 2.5-y-old Danish children Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2004; 80(2): 447 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. L. Slattery, W. Samowitz, K. Curtin, K. N. Ma, M. Hoffman, B. Caan, and S. Neuhausen Associations among IRS1, IRS2, IGF1, and IGFBP3 Genetic Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2004; 13(7): 1206 - 1214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Giovannucci, E. B Rimm, Y. Liu, and W. C Willett Height, predictors of C-peptide and cancer risk in men Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2004; 33(1): 217 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. A. Platz, M. F. Leitzmann, D. S. Michaud, W. C. Willett, and E. Giovannucci Interrelation of Energy Intake, Body Size, and Physical Activity with Prostate Cancer in a Large Prospective Cohort Study Cancer Res., December 1, 2003; 63(23): 8542 - 8548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]