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1 Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece; 2 Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, Ioannina, Greece; and 3 Division of Clinical Care Research, Department of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
Several polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been implicated as risk factors for prostate cancer. We performed a meta-analysis of 14 studies (17 comparisons) with TaqI genotyping (1870 prostate cancer cases; 2843 controls), 6 studies (8 comparisons) with poly(A) repeat genotyping (540 cases; 870 controls), 5 studies with BsmI genotyping (987 cases; 1504 controls), and 3 studies with FokI genotyping (514 cases; 545 controls). The random-effects odds ratio (OR) for the t versus T allele was 0.95 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–1.05]. There was no suggestion of an overall effect either in recessive or dominant modeling, and the comparison of t/t versus T/T also showed no differential prostate cancer susceptibility (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.70–1.10). No effect of t was seen in subjects of European descent (nine comparisons; OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87–1.08), Asian descent (five comparisons; OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.66–1.17), or African descent (three comparisons; OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.41–2.17). There was no between-study heterogeneity in any of these analyses. Overall, the random effects OR was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.75–1.18; no between-study heterogeneity) for the S versus L allele, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.63–1.35; P < 0.01 for heterogeneity) for the B versus b allele, and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.86–1.23; no between-study heterogeneity) for the f versus F allele. The meta-analysis shows that these four polymorphisms are unlikely to be major determinants of susceptibility to prostate cancer on a wide population basis.
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