| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsoe, 9037 Tromsoe, Norway [M. K., T. B., E. L.]; Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden [E. W., H-O. A.]; IARC, F-69372 Lyon, France [E. W.]; and Medical Products Agency, S-75103 Uppsala, Sweden [I. P.]
Current use of oral contraceptives (OCs) has been reportedto increase breast cancer risk slightly. In 1991/1992, a prospective cohort study specifically designed to examine the role of hormonal contraceptives in relation to breast cancer was conducted in Norway and Sweden. This study was entitled Women’s Lifestyle and Health. Of 196,000 invited women aged 30–49 years, 106,844 women answered a 4-page questionnaire. Altogether, 103,027 women providing information on contraceptive use were included in the analysis presented here, and 1,008 primary invasive breast cancers were diagnosed throughout 1999 (end of follow-up). Proportional hazard regression was used to calculate relative risks (RRs) with adjustment for age and other possible confounders. An increased breast cancer risk was observed among women who were current/recent users of OCs of any type at the start of follow-up [RR, 1.6; 96% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–2.1]. Current/recent use (i.e., use in the year preceding cohort enrolment) of combined OCs (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0–2.0) and progestin-only pills (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0–2.4) entailed similar levels of increased risk. An increased risk of borderline significance was found among short-term (i.e., less than 13 months) users before age 20 years (RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.7) and before first full-term pregnancy (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0–1.8). Long-term users of OCs were at a higher risk of breast cancer than never users (test for trend, P = 0.005). Current/recent use of OCs is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. Use of combined OCs and progestin-only pills seem to increase the risk at the same level.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  E. Lund, V. Dumeaux, T. Braaten, A. Hjartaker, D. Engeset, G. Skeie, and M. Kumle Cohort Profile: The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study--NOWAC--Kvinner og kreft Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2008; 37(1): 36 - 41. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Hippisley-Cox, Y. Vinogradova, C. Coupland, and C. Parker Risk of Malignancy in Patients With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: Nested Case-Control Study Arch Gen Psychiatry, December 1, 2007; 64(12): 1368 - 1376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Henningson, U. Johansson, A. Borg, H. Olsson, and H. Jernstrom CYP17 genotype is associated with short menstrual cycles, early oral contraceptive use and BRCA mutation status in young healthy women Mol. Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2007; 13(4): 231 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Kuper, H.-O. Adami, T. Theorell, and E. Weiderpass The Socioeconomic Gradient in the Incidence of Stroke: A Prospective Study in Middle-Aged Women in Sweden Stroke, January 1, 2007; 38(1): 27 - 33. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Kuper, H.-O. Adami, T. Theorell, and E. Weiderpass Psychosocial Determinants of Coronary Heart Disease in Middle-Aged Women: A Prospective Study in Sweden Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2006; 164(4): 349 - 357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Blander, J. D. Yager, and N. E. Davidson Estrogens and Breast Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., April 13, 2006; 354(15): 1647 - 1648. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. A. Mucci, S. Sandin, K. Balter, H.-O. Adami, C. Magnusson, and E. Weiderpass Acrylamide Intake and Breast Cancer Risk in Swedish Women JAMA, March 16, 2005; 293(11): 1326 - 1327. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. L. Margolis, L. Mucci, T. Braaten, M. Kumle, Y. Trolle Lagerros, H.-O. Adami, E. Lund, and E. Weiderpass Physical Activity in Different Periods of Life and the Risk of Breast Cancer: The Norwegian-Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health Cohort Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 27 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. T. Gram, T. Braaten, P. D. Terry, A. J. Sasco, H.-O. Adami, E. Lund, and E. Weiderpass Breast Cancer Risk Among Women Who Start Smoking as Teenagers Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 61 - 66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Weiderpass, T. Braaten, C. Magnusson, M. Kumle, H. Vainio, E. Lund, and H.-O. Adami A Prospective Study of Body Size in Different Periods of Life and Risk of Premenopausal Breast Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2004; 13(7): 1121 - 1127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 ESHRE Capri Workshop Group Hormones and breast cancer Hum. Reprod. Update, July 1, 2004; 10(4): 281 - 293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Cancer Research | Clinical Cancer Research |
| Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention | Molecular Cancer Therapeutics |
| Molecular Cancer Research | Cancer Prevention Research |
| Cancer Prevention Journals Portal | Cancer Reviews Online |
| Annual Meeting Education Book | Cell Growth & Differentiation |
