This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Mayne, S. T. Articles by Fraumeni, J. F. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Mayne, S. T. Articles by Fraumeni, J. F., Jr.

Nutrient Intake and Risk of Subtypes of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer¹

Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut [S. T. M., H. A. R., R. D.]; National Cancer Institute, NIH, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, Maryland [W-H. C., J. F. F.]; University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina [M. D. G.]; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Program in Epidemiology, and University of Washington, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington [T. L. V., D. C. F., J. L. S.]; New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Cancer Epidemiology Services, Trenton, New Jersey [J. B. S.]; Division of Epidemiology [H. A.] and Department of Pathology [H. R.], Columbia University, New York, New York; New York University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, New York, New York [A. B. W.]; and International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland [W. J. B.]

Incidence rates for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia have been rising rapidly. We examined nutrient intake as a risk factor for esophageal and gastric cancers in a population-based case-control study in Connecticut, New Jersey, and western Washington state. Interviews were completed for cases with histologically confirmed esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 282), adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia (n = 255), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 206), and noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 352), along with population controls (n = 687). Associations between nutrient intake and risk of cancer were estimated by adjusted odds ratios (ORs), comparing the 75th versus the 25th percentile of intake. The following nutrients were significantly inversely associated with risk of all four tumor types: fiber, ß-carotene, folate, and vitamins C and B6. In contrast, dietary cholesterol, animal protein, and vitamin B12 were significantly positively associated with risk of all four tumor types. Dietary fat [OR, 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.27–3.76] was significantly associated with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma only. Dietary nitrite (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.26–2.16) was associated with noncardia gastric cancer only. Vitamin C supplement use was associated with a significantly lower risk for noncardia gastric cancer (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41–0.88). Higher intake of nutrients found primarily in plant-based foods was associated with a reduced risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia, whereas higher intake of nutrients found primarily in foods of animal origin was associated with an increased risk.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. A. Abrams Review: Chemoprevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology, July 1, 2008; 1(1): 7 - 18. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. Kubo, T. R. Levin, G. Block, G. J. Rumore, C. P. Quesenberry Jr, P. Buffler, and D. A. Corley Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Barrett's Esophagus Am. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2008; 167(7): 839 - 846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Lochhead and E. M. El-Omar Gastric cancer Br. Med. Bull., March 1, 2008; 85(1): 87 - 100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. E. Vollset, J. Igland, M. Jenab, A. Fredriksen, K. Meyer, S. Eussen, H. K. Gjessing, P. M. Ueland, G. Pera, N. Sala, et al. The Association of Gastric Cancer Risk with Plasma Folate, Cobalamin, and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphisms in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2007; 16(11): 2416 - 2424. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Yang, Y. Guo, X. Zhang, X. Miao, W. Tan, T. Sun, D. Zhao, D. Yu, J. Liu, and D. Lin Interaction of P53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 T309G polymorphisms and their associations with risk of gastric cardia cancer Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2007; 28(9): 1996 - 2001. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Wang, Q. Ke, W. Chen, J. Wang, Y. Tan, Y. Zhou, Z. Hua, W. Ding, J. Niu, J. Shen, et al. Polymorphisms of MTHFD, Plasma Homocysteine Levels, and Risk of Gastric Cancer in a High-Risk Chinese Population Clin. Cancer Res., April 15, 2007; 13(8): 2526 - 2532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. C Larsson, L. Bergkvist, I. Naslund, J. Rutegard, and A. Wolk Vitamin A, retinol, and carotenoids and the risk of gastric cancer: a prospective cohort study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2007; 85(2): 497 - 503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. F. Zhang, M. B. Terry, L. Hou, J. Chen, J. Lissowska, M. Yeager, W. Zatonski, S. Chanock, A. Morabia, and W.-H. Chow Genetic Polymorphisms in Folate Metabolism and the Risk of Stomach Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2007; 16(1): 115 - 121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Hormi-Carver, L. A. Feagins, S. J. Spechler, and R. F. Souza All trans-retinoic acid induces apoptosis via p38 and caspase pathways in metaplastic Barrett's cells Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): G18 - G27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Jenab, E. Riboli, P. Ferrari, J. Sabate, N. Slimani, T. Norat, M. Friesen, A. Tjonneland, A. Olsen, K. Overvad, et al. Plasma and dietary vitamin C levels and risk of gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) Carcinogenesis, November 1, 2006; 27(11): 2250 - 2257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J Weinstein, R. Stolzenberg-Solomon, P. Pietinen, P. R Taylor, J. Virtamo, and D. Albanes Dietary factors of one-carbon metabolism and prostate cancer risk. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2006; 84(4): 929 - 935. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. C. Larsson, E. Giovannucci, and A. Wolk Folate intake and stomach cancer incidence in a prospective cohort of Swedish women. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2006; 15(7): 1409 - 1412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. C. Larsson, N. Hakansson, E. Giovannucci, and A. Wolk Folate intake and pancreatic cancer incidence: a prospective study of Swedish women and men. J Natl Cancer Inst, March 15, 2006; 98(6): 407 - 413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Galeone, C. Pelucchi, F. Levi, E. Negri, R. Talamini, S. Franceschi, and C. La Vecchia Folate intake and squamous-cell carcinoma of the oesophagus in Italian and Swiss men Ann. Onc., March 1, 2006; 17(3): 521 - 525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. T. Mayne, H. A. Risch, R. Dubrow, W.-H. Chow, M. D. Gammon, T. L. Vaughan, L. Borchardt, J. B. Schoenberg, J. L. Stanford, A. B. West, et al. Carbonated Soft Drink Consumption and Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma J Natl Cancer Inst, January 4, 2006; 98(1): 72 - 75. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. J. Maurer, A. B. Rogers, Z. Ge, A. J. Wiese, M. C. Carey, and J. G. Fox Helicobacter pylori and cholesterol gallstone formation in C57L/J mice: a prospective study Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, January 1, 2006; 290(1): G175 - G182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. F. Souza and S. J. Spechler Concepts in the Prevention of Adenocarcinoma of the Distal Esophagus and Proximal Stomach CA Cancer J Clin, November 1, 2005; 55(6): 334 - 351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. R. Kristal, P. L. Blount, J. M. Schenk, C. A. Sanchez, P. S. Rabinovitch, R. D. Odze, J. Standley, T. L. Vaughan, and B. J. Reid Low-Fat, High Fruit and Vegetable Diets and Weight Loss Do Not Affect Biomarkers of Cellular Proliferation in Barrett Esophagus Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2005; 14(10): 2377 - 2383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Nouraie, P. Pietinen, F. Kamangar, S. M. Dawsey, C. C. Abnet, D. Albanes, J. Virtamo, and P. R. Taylor Fruits, Vegetables, and Antioxidants and Risk of Gastric Cancer among Male Smokers Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2005; 14(9): 2087 - 2092. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. G. Casson, Z. Zheng, S. C. Evans, P. J. Veugelers, G. A. Porter, and D. L. Guernsey Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes in the molecular pathogenesis of esophageal (Barrett) adenocarcinoma Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2005; 26(9): 1536 - 1541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Tan, X. Miao, L. Wang, C. Yu, P. Xiong, G. Liang, T. Sun, Y. Zhou, X. Zhang, H. Li, et al. Significant increase in risk of gastroesophageal cancer is associated with interaction between promoter polymorphisms in thymidylate synthase and serum folate status Carcinogenesis, August 1, 2005; 26(8): 1430 - 1435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C.-X. Yang, K. Matsuo, H. Ito, M. Shinoda, S. Hatooka, K. Hirose, K. Wakai, T. Saito, T. Suzuki, T. Maeda, et al. Gene-environment interactions between alcohol drinking and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism impact on esophageal cancer risk: results of a case-control study in Japan Carcinogenesis, July 1, 2005; 26(7): 1285 - 1290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D M Clements, D A Oleesky, S C Smith, H Wheatley, D A Hullin, T J Havard, and D J Bowrey A study to determine plasma antioxidant concentrations in patients with Barrett's oesophagus J. Clin. Pathol., May 1, 2005; 58(5): 490 - 492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Olliver, L. J. Hardie, Y. Gong, S. Dexter, D. Chalmers, K. M. Harris, and C. P. Wild Risk Factors, DNA Damage, and Disease Progression in Barrett's Esophagus Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2005; 14(3): 620 - 625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J Lagergren Adenocarcinoma of oesophagus: what exactly is the size of the problem and who is at risk? Gut, March 1, 2005; 54(suppl_1): i1 - i5. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H B El-Serag, J A Satia, and L Rabeneck Dietary intake and the risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a cross sectional study in volunteers Gut, January 1, 2005; 54(1): 11 - 17. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Glas, H.-P. Torok, A. Schneider, G. Brunnler, R. Kopp, E. D. Albert, M. Stolte, and C. Folwaczny Allele 2 of the Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Is Associated With Early Gastric Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., December 1, 2004; 22(23): 4746 - 4752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Iijima, J. Grant, K. McElroy, V. Fyfe, T. Preston, and K. E. L. McColl Novel mechanism of nitrosative stress from dietary nitrate with relevance to gastro-oesophageal junction cancers Carcinogenesis, December 1, 2003; 24(12): 1951 - 1960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon, Y.-L. Qiao, C. C. Abnet, D. L. Ratnasinghe, S. M. Dawsey, Z. W. Dong, P. R. Taylor, and S. D. Mark Esophageal and Gastric Cardia Cancer Risk and Folate- and Vitamin B12-related Polymorphisms in Linxian, China Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2003; 12(11): 1222 - 1226. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. Pelucchi, R. Talamini, E. Negri, F. Levi, E. Conti, S. Franceschi, and C. La Vecchia Folate intake and risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer Ann. Onc., November 1, 2003; 14(11): 1677 - 1681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Yokoyama, T. Yokoyama, T. Muramatsu, T. Omori, S. Matsushita, S. Higuchi, K. Maruyama, and H. Ishii Macrocytosis, a new predictor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Japanese alcoholic men Carcinogenesis, November 1, 2003; 24(11): 1773 - 1778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. S. Engel, W.-H. Chow, T. L. Vaughan, M. D. Gammon, H. A. Risch, J. L. Stanford, J. B. Schoenberg, S. T. Mayne, R. Dubrow, H. Rotterdam, et al. Population Attributable Risks of Esophageal and Gastric Cancers J Natl Cancer Inst, September 17, 2003; 95(18): 1404 - 1413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. A. Risch Etiology of Pancreatic Cancer, With a Hypothesis Concerning the Role of N-Nitroso Compounds and Excess Gastric Acidity J Natl Cancer Inst, July 2, 2003; 95(13): 948 - 960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. G. Casson, S. C. Evans, A. Gillis, G. A. Porter, P. Veugelers, S. J. Darnton, D. L. Guernsey, and P. Hainaut Clinical implications of p53 tumor suppressor gene mutation and protein expression in esophageal adenocarcinomas: Results of a ten-year prospective study J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 2003; 125(5): 1121 - 1131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. L. Johanning, D. C. Heimburger, and C. J. Piyathilake DNA Methylation and Diet in Cancer , J. Nutr., December 1, 2002; 132(12): 3814S - 3818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. T. Mayne and S. A. Navarro Diet, Obesity and Reflux in the Etiology of Adenocarcinomas of the Esophagus and Gastric Cardia in Humans J. Nutr., November 1, 2002; 132(11): 3467S - 3470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. J. Jacobs, C. J. Connell, M. L. McCullough, A. Chao, C. R. Jonas, C. Rodriguez, E. E. Calle, and M. J. Thun Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Multivitamin Supplement Use and Stomach Cancer Mortality in the Cancer Prevention Study II Cohort Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2002; 11(1): 35 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text]