Table 2 Herbicides: frequency of exposure to herbicides classified into major chemical classes and as individual compounds
The list includes only those reported by 1% or more of responders.
|
| Major chemical classes |
NHL n = 517
|
Controls n = 1506
|
ORa (95% CI) |
ORadjb (95% CI) |
| n exposed |
% exposed |
n exposed |
% exposed |
|
| Phenoxyherbicides,c exposed |
131 |
25.3 |
319 |
21.2 |
1.46 (1.09–1.82) |
1.38 (1.06–1.81) |
| Individual phenoxyherbicides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2,4-D |
111 |
21.5 |
293 |
19.5 |
1.26 (0.97–1.64) |
1.32 (1.01–1.73) |
| Mecoprop |
53 |
10.2 |
81 |
5.4 |
2.23 (1.38–3.07) |
2.33 (1.58–3.44) |
| MCPA |
17 |
3.3 |
46 |
3.1 |
1.08 (0.59–1.94) |
1.10 (0.60–2.00) |
| Diclofopmethyl |
9 |
1.7 |
25 |
1.7 |
0.96 (0.42–2.20) |
0.95 (0.41–2.22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Phosphonic acid,d exposed |
63 |
12.2 |
147 |
9.8 |
1.42 (0.95–1.90) |
1.40 (0.94–1.89) |
| Individual phosphonic herbicides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Glyphosate (Round-up) |
51 |
9.9 |
133 |
8.8 |
1.26 (0.87–1.80) |
1.20 (0.83–1.74) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Thiocarbamates,e exposed |
21 |
4.1 |
49 |
3.3 |
1.41 (0.62–2.20) |
1.46 (0.82–2.58) |
| Individual thiocarbamate herbicides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diallate (n exposed) |
11 |
2.1 |
29 |
1.9 |
1.26 (0.59–2.67) |
1.46 (0.68–3.14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Phenols: Bromoxynil,f exposed |
16 |
3.1 |
48 |
3.2 |
1.05 (0.41 1.69) |
1.07 (0.58–1.99) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dicamba,g exposed |
73 |
14.1 |
131 |
8.7 |
1.92 (1.39–2.66) |
1.88 (1.32–2.68) |
| Individual dicamba herbicides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dicamba (Banvel or Target) |
26 |
5.0 |
50 |
3.3 |
1.59 (0.95–2.63) |
1.68 (1.00–2.81) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dinitroaniline,h exposed |
11 |
2.1 |
31 |
2.1 |
1.17 (0.56–2.41) |
1.20 (0.61–2.35) |
| Individual dinitroaniline herbicides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Trifluralin |
11 |
2.1 |
31 |
2.1 |
1.17 (0.56–2.41) |
1.06 (0.50–2.22) |
|
a ORs calculated with strata for the variables of age and province of residence.
b ORs adjusted for statistically significant medical variables (history of measles, mumps, cancer, allergy desensitization shots, and a positive family history of cancer in a first-degree relative), and with strata for the variables of age and province of residence.
c Phenoxyherbicides include the phenoxyacetic acids (e.g., 2,4-D and MCPA), the phenoxy-2-propionic acids (e.g., mecoprop); the phenoxybutanoic acids (e.g., 2,4-DB) and other phenoxyalkanoic acids (e.g., diclofopmethyl).
d Glyphosate is the only phosphonic acid herbicide reported by more than 1% of responders. Round-up, Touchdown, Victor, Wrangler, Laredo do not include dicamba, and Rustler is a mixture of dicamba and glyphosate.
e Thiocarbamate herbicides include diallate and triallate.
f Bromoxynil is the only phenol herbicide included.
g Dicamba as a major chemical class includes Banvel, and Target, and a mixture of dicamba and glyphosate (Rustler), or mixtures of dicamba, 2,4-D, and mecoprop (Dynel DS, Killex).
h Dinitroaniline herbicides include ethalfluralin and trifluralin.